Genomic, Molecular Networking-Based Metabolomic, and Bioactivity Profiling of Actinobacteria from Undisturbed Caves in Pakistan.

Caves are a unique ecosystem that harbor diverse microorganisms, and provide a challenging environment to the dwelling microbial communities, which may boost gene expression and can lead to the production of inimitable bioactive natural products. In this study, we obtained 59 actinobacteria from four different caves located in Bahadurkhel, District Karak, Pakistan. On the basis of taxonomic characteristics, 30 isolates were selected and screened for secondary metabolites production and bioactivity profiling.

Canker and dieback of is caused by .

Understanding the ecology of pathogens is important for disease management. Recently a devastating canker disease was found on red alder () planted as landscape trees. Bacteria were isolated from two groups of symptomatic trees located approximately 1 kilometer apart and one strain from each group was used to complete Koch's postulates.

Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction Disparities: A Systematic Review of Sociodemographic and Economic Barriers.

: Breast reconstruction (BR) following mastectomy is a well-established beneficial medical intervention for patient physical and psychological well-being. Previous studies have emphasized BR as the gold standard of care for breast cancer patients requiring surgery. Multiple policies have improved BR access, but there remain social, economic, and geographical barriers to receiving reconstruction.

Genomic characterization of recovered from dairy facilities in British Columbia, Canada from 2007 to 2017.

is a foodborne pathogen of concern in dairy processing facilities, with the potential to cause human illness and trigger regulatory actions if found in the product. Monitoring for spp. through environmental sampling is recommended to prevent establishment of these microorganisms in dairy processing environments, thereby reducing the risk of product contamination.

Review of treatment strategies after lymphadenectomy: From molecular therapeutics to immediate microsurgical lymphatic reconstruction.

Objective: Lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, such as lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy. It is a debilitating condition with pathologic tissue changes that hinder effective curative treatment and jeopardize patients' quality of life. Various attempts to prevent the development of lymphedema have been made, with improvements in the incidence of the pathology.

Competitive interference among rhizobia reduces benefits to hosts.

The capacity of beneficial microbes to compete for host infection-and the ability of hosts to discriminate among them-introduces evolutionary conflict that is predicted to destabilize mutualism. We investigated fitness outcomes in associations between legumes and their symbiotic rhizobia to characterize fitness impacts of microbial competition. Diverse Bradyrhizobium strains varying in their capacity to fix nitrogen symbiotically with a common host plant, Acmispon strigosus, were tested in full-factorial coinoculation experiments involving 28 pairwise strain combinations.

Transcriptome architecture of the three main lineages of agrobacteria.

Agrobacteria are a diverse, polyphyletic group of prokaryotes with multipartite genomes capable of transferring DNA into the genomes of host plants, making them an essential tool in plant biotechnology. Despite their utility in plant transformation, genome-wide transcriptional regulation is not well understood across the three main lineages of agrobacteria. Transcription start sites (TSSs) are a necessary component of gene expression and regulation.

Mobile Genetic Element Flexibility as an Underlying Principle to Bacterial Evolution.

Mobile genetic elements are key to the evolution of bacteria and traits that affect host and ecosystem health. Here, we use a framework of a hierarchical and modular system that scales from genes to populations to synthesize recent findings on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) of bacteria. Doing so highlights the role that emergent properties of flexibility, robustness, and genetic capacitance of MGEs have on the evolution of bacteria.

Genome features and secondary metabolite potential of the marine symbiont Streptomyces sp. RS2.

Streptomyces sp. RS2 was isolated from an unidentified sponge collected around Randayan Island, Indonesia. The genome of Streptomyces sp.

Virulence and Ecology of Agrobacteria in the Context of Evolutionary Genomics.

Among plant-associated bacteria, agrobacteria occupy a special place. These bacteria are feared in the field as agricultural pathogens. They cause abnormal growth deformations and significant economic damage to a broad range of plant species.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens: a Transformative Agent for Fundamental Insights into Host-Microbe Interactions, Genome Biology, Chemical Signaling, and Cell Biology.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens incites the formation of readily visible macroscopic structures known as crown galls on plant tissues that it infects. Records from biologists as early as the 17th century noted these unusual plant growths and began examining the basis for their formation. These studies eventually led to isolation of the infectious agent, A.

A tissue atlas of ulcerative colitis revealing evidence of sex-dependent differences in disease-driving inflammatory cell types and resistance to TNF inhibitor therapy.

Although literature suggests that resistance to TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is partially linked to immune cell populations in the inflamed region, there is still substantial uncertainty underlying the relevant spatial context. Here, we used the highly multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging technology CODEX to create a publicly browsable tissue atlas of inflammation in 42 tissue regions from 29 patients with UC and 5 healthy individuals. We analyzed 52 biomarkers on 1,710,973 spatially resolved single cells to determine cell types, cell-cell contacts, and cellular neighborhoods.

Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Tracing of a 2022 Introduction and Outbreak of pv. .

Globalization has made agricultural commodities more accessible, available, and affordable. However, their global movement increases the potential for invasion by pathogens and necessitates development and implementation of sensitive, rapid, and scalable surveillance methods. Here, we used 35 strains, isolated by multiple diagnostic laboratories, as a case study for using whole genome sequence data in a plant disease diagnostic setting.

Tryptophan Metabolism 'Hub' Gene Expression Associates with Increased Inflammation and Severe Disease Outcomes in COVID-19 Infection and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The epithelial barrier's primary role is to protect against entry of foreign and pathogenic elements. Both COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) show commonalities in symptoms and treatment with sensitization of the epithelial barrier inviting an immune response. In this study we use a multi-omics strategy to identify a common signature of immune disease that may be able to predict for more severe patient outcomes.

Selective internal radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A 15-year multicenter Australian cohort study.

Background And Aim: The exact place for selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in the therapeutic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is debated. There are limited data on its indications, efficacy, and safety in Australia.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing SIRT for HCC in all Sydney hospitals between 2005 and 2019.

Dynamic Interactions Between Mega Symbiosis ICEs and Bacterial Chromosomes Maintain Genome Architecture.

Acquisition of mobile genetic elements can confer novel traits to bacteria. Some integrative and conjugative elements confer upon members of Bradyrhizobium the capacity to fix nitrogen in symbiosis with legumes. These so-called symbiosis integrative conjugative elements (symICEs) can be extremely large and vary as monopartite and polypartite configurations within chromosomes of related strains.

Pangenome Evolution Reconciles Robustness and Instability of Rhizobial Symbiosis.

Root nodulating rhizobia are nearly ubiquitous in soils and provide the critical service of nitrogen fixation to thousands of legume species, including staple crops. However, the magnitude of fixed nitrogen provided to hosts varies markedly among rhizobia strains, despite host legumes having mechanisms to selectively reward beneficial strains and to punish ones that do not fix sufficient nitrogen. Variation in the services of microbial mutualists is considered paradoxical given host mechanisms to select beneficial genotypes.

Dual adhesive unipolar polysaccharides synthesized by overlapping biosynthetic pathways in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a member of the Alphaproteobacteria that pathogenises plants and associates with biotic and abiotic surfaces via a single cellular pole. A. tumefaciens produces the unipolar polysaccharide (UPP) at the site of surface contact.

sp. nov., which causes potato common scab and is distributed across the world.

Fourteen strains of isolated from scab lesions on potato are described as members of a novel species based on genetic distance, morphological observation and biochemical analyses. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of these strains are distinct from other described phytopathogenic species. Strain NE06-02D has white aerial mycelium and grey, cylindrical, smooth spores on rectus-flexibilis spore chains.

Adaptation to a Commercial Quaternary Ammonium Compound Sanitizer Leads to Cross-Resistance to Select Antibiotics in Isolated From Fresh Produce Environments.

The effective elimination of through cleaning and sanitation is of great importance to the food processing industry. Specifically in fresh produce operations, the lack of a kill step requires effective cleaning and sanitation to mitigate the risk of cross-contamination from the environment. As facilities rely on sanitizers to control , reports of the development of tolerance to sanitizers and other antimicrobials through cross-resistance is of particular concern.

Modular evolution of secretion systems and virulence plasmids in a bacterial species complex.

Background: Many named species as defined in current bacterial taxonomy correspond to species complexes. Uncertainties regarding the organization of their genetic diversity challenge research efforts. We utilized the Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex (a.

Diversification of plasmids in a genus of pathogenic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Members of the agrobacteria-rhizobia complex (ARC) have multiple and diverse plasmids. The extent to which these plasmids are shared and the consequences of their interactions are not well understood. We extracted over 4000 plasmid sequences from 1251 genome sequences and constructed a network to reveal interactions that have shaped the evolutionary histories of oncogenic virulence plasmids.