Lipolysis pathways modulate lipid mediator release and endocannabinoid system signaling in dairy cows' adipocytes.

Background: As cows transition from pregnancy to lactation, free fatty acids (FFA) are mobilized from adipose tissues (AT) through lipolysis to counter energy deficits. In clinically healthy cows, lipolysis intensity is reduced throughout lactation; however, if FFA release exceeds tissue demands or the liver's metabolic capacity, lipid byproducts accumulate, increasing cows' risk of metabolic and infectious disease. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and their congeners, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), are lipid-based compounds that modulate metabolism and inflammation.

Cows enrolled in a pilot randomized clinical trial evaluating pegbovigrastim administered to dairy cows at dry-off had reduced incidence of intramammary infection.

Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to determine if an alternative dosing schedule of pegbovigrastim (PEG; Imrestor; Elanco Animal Health) affects mammary gland health, rear udder width, or milk production of healthy dairy cows.

Animals: 20 pregnant late-lactation Holstein cows in November 2019 through April 2020.

Procedures: Cows were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections with either 15 mg of PEG (PEG group; n = 10) or a sham injection with saline (0.

Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves.

Calves may experience increased oxidative stress at birth through activation of metabolic and respiratory processes. Reducing oxidative stress may enhance calf viability in early life. Our objective was to determine the dose response to fish and flaxseed oil when supplemented in colostrum on concentrations of plasma fatty acid (FA), FA metabolites, and index of oxidative stress during the critical first week of life in calves to understand how supplementing n-3 FA may decrease oxidative stress.

Reduced macrophage selenoprotein expression alters oxidized lipid metabolite biosynthesis from arachidonic and linoleic acid.

Uncontrolled inflammation is an underlying etiology for multiple diseases and macrophages orchestrate inflammation largely through the production of oxidized fatty acids known as oxylipids. Previous studies showed that selenium (Se) status altered the expression of oxylipids and magnitude of inflammatory responses. Although selenoproteins are thought to mediate many of the biological effects of Se, the direct effect of selenoproteins on the production of oxylipids is unknown.

Influence of corticosteroids on interleukin-1β-stimulated equine chondrocyte gene expression.

Objective: To compare the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on expression of selected chondrocyte genes in recombinant equine interleukin-1β (reIL-1β) stimulated articular cartilage explants.

Design: In vitro experiment.

Animals: Horses (n = 6).