Using ChatGPT for Kidney Transplantation: Perceived Information Quality by Race and Education Levels.

Background: Kidney transplantation is a complex process requiring extensive preparation and ongoing monitoring. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots hold potential for providing accessible health information, but our understanding of their role in offering health advice for kidney transplantation and how individuals assess such advice remains limited. This study investigates how individuals evaluate ChatGPT's responses to kidney transplantation questions in terms of information quality and empathy, focusing on potential differences across race/ethnicity and educational backgrounds.

Rottlerin Enhances the Autophagic Degradation of Phosphorylated Tau in Neuronal Cells.

Intra-neuronal accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To prevent the aggregation of phosphorylated tau in neurons, decreasing the phosphorylated tau protein levels is important. Here, we examined the biological effects of rottlerin, a phytochemical compound extracted from the Kamala tree, Mallotus philippinensis, on phosphorylated tau levels.

A splicing variant of TFEB negatively regulates the TFEB-autophagy pathway.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Here, we cloned a novel splicing variant of TFEB, comprising 281 amino acids (hereafter referred to as small TFEB), and lacking the helix-loop-helix (HLH) and leucine zipper (LZ) motifs present in the full-length TFEB (TFEB-L). The TFEB variant is widely expressed in several tissues, including the brain, although its expression level is considerably lower than that of TFEB-L.

ApoE4 attenuates autophagy via FoxO3a repression in the brain.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays multiple roles in lipid transport, neuronal signaling, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation in the brain. It is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and its influence differs depending on the isoform. In particular, the ε4 allele of APOE is the highest genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Curcumin activates Nrf2 through PKCδ-mediated p62 phosphorylation at Ser351.

Curcumin, a phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa rhizomes, is known to be protective in neurons via activation of Nrf2, a master regulator of endogenous defense against oxidative stress in cells. However, the exact mechanism by which curcumin activates Nrf2 remains controversial. Here, we observed that curcumin induced the expression of genes downstream of Nrf2 such as HO-1, NQO1, and GST-mu1 in neuronal cells, and increased the level of Nrf2 protein.

TFEB activates Nrf2 by repressing its E3 ubiquitin ligase DCAF11 and promoting phosphorylation of p62.

Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) play crucial roles in the biological response against cellular stressors; however, their relationship has not yet been investigated. Here, we constructed human neuroglioma cell lines stably expressing TFEB. The expression of Nrf2-response genes, including heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutathione-s-transferase-mu1 (GSTM1), and p62, was induced in the cell line, independent of oxidative stress.

Association of plasma endothelial lipase levels on cognitive impairment.

Background: Peripheral high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been known to influx into the brain and be inversely associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, recent prospective studies of the association between HDL-C and AD have yielded inconsistent results. Here, we examined the association between the endothelial lipase (EL), which is known to be major determinant of HDL-C levels, and cognitive function.