Neuropsychological Correlates of Clinical Progression in Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to self-reported cognitive decline in individuals with normal performance on standardized cognitive tests. Understanding the factors predicting progression from SCD to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial, as approximately 14% of SCD cases progress to dementia and about 27% develop MCI over four years.

Objective: This study aims to identify neuropsychological predictors of progression from SCD to MCI, focusing on cognitive domains assessed through neuropsychological tests.

Ventral Anterior Cingulate Atrophy as a Predisposing Factor for Transient Global Amnesia.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with acute transient global amnesia (TGA) using volumetric analysis to verify whether the brains of TGA patients have pre-existing structural abnormalities.

Methods: We evaluated the brain MRI data from 87 TGA patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We included brain MRIs obtained from TGA patients within 72 hours of symptom onset to verify the pre-existence of structural change.

The Usefulness of F-FDG PET to Differentiate Subtypes of Dementia: The Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pose diagnostic challenges. This review examines the effectiveness of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (F-FDG PET) in differentiating these subtypes for precise treatment and management.

Methods: A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted using databases like PubMed and Embase to identify studies on the diagnostic utility of F-FDG PET in dementia.

Association of Knowledge About Dementia with Two Dimensional Attitudes Among a Community Population in South Korea.

Background: Providing correct information about dementia and people living with dementia and improving the attitude toward the disease have important implications in overcoming prejudice and negative perceptions and strengthening the social support system. However, studies are limited about which aspects of dementia knowledge affect attitudes toward it and the influence of such knowledge on particular aspects of such attitudes.

Objective: This study examined which part of dementia knowledge affects attitudes toward dementia and, furthermore, the influence of such knowledge on two aspects of attitudes in the general population.

Executive Summary of the 2021 International Conference of Korean Dementia Association: A Report From the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.

Recently, aducanumab, a beta amyloid targeted immunotherapy, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Although many questions need to be answered, this approval provides a promising hope for the development of AD drugs that could be supported by new biomarkers such as blood-based ones and composite neuropsychological tests that can confirm pathologic changes in early stages of AD. It is important to elucidate the complexity of AD which is known to be associated with other factors such as vascular etiologies and neuro-inflammation.

Five-Year Community Management Rate for Dementia Patients: A Proposed Indicator for Dementia Policies.

Background And Purpose: There is no specific indicator for monitoring dementia management. We propose an auxiliary indicator called the community management rate, defined as the proportion of dementia patients who receive informal care from close caregivers or themselves within their community population. The 5-year community management rate is the percentage of dementia patients who are receiving community management at 5 years after they were diagnosed.

Misplacement of something inside the refrigerator is not a sign of dementia, but a probable symptom of attention deficit due to depression.

The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of a specific behavior of misplacing items in a refrigerator (i.e., placing extremely unusual things such as remote control and/or cellular phone in a refrigerator) as a symptom of cognitive dysfunction.

Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Multiple neurological complications have been associated with the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This is a narrative review to gather information on all aspects of COVID-19 in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. First, the following three mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the neurological complications associated with COVID-19: 1) direct invasion, 2) immune and inflammatory reaction, and 3) hypoxic brain damage by COVID-19.

Pathogenic Thr119Ile Mutation in Two Korean Patients with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.

We report a probable pathogenic Thr119Ile mutation in presenilin-1 () in two unrelated Korean patients, diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). The first patient presented with memory decline when she was 64 years old. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed diffuse atrophy in the fronto-parietal regions.

Amyloid Metabolism and Amyloid-Targeting Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a key protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in that its accumulation induces complex pathological changes. Although there has been extensive research on the metabolism of Aβ in AD, new compelling results have recently emerged. Historically, the production and clearance of Aβ have been thought to originate in the central nervous system (CNS).

Blood Amyloid-β Oligomerization as a Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease: A Blinded Validation Study.

Background: Oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the major contributors to the pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD); Aβ oligomerization in plasma can be measured using a Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Aβ (MDS-OAβ) after incubation with spiked synthetic Aβ.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the MDS-OAβ values for prediction of AD.

Methods: The MDS-OAβ values measured using inBlood™ OAβ test in heparin-treated plasma samples from 52 AD patients in comparison with 52 community-based subjects with normal cognition (NC).

Impact of a delirium prevention project among older hospitalized patients who underwent orthopedic surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common clinical syndrome with significant negative outcomes. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a delirium screening tool and multidisciplinary delirium prevention project.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single teaching center in Korea.

Novel amyloid precursor protein mutation, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

In this study, a novel mutation in APP gene, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), was reported in a Korean female patient with Alzheimer's disease. She developed cognitive decline at 56 years of age, and her memory declined rapidly over one-year period from her 1st visit to the hospital. Her Mini-Mental State Examination scores dropped from 25/30 to 13/30.

A pathogenic PSEN1 Trp165Cys mutation associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is one of the causative genes for early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Recently, emerging studies reported several novel PSEN1 mutations among Asian. We describe a male with EOAD had a pathogenic PSEN1 mutation.

Blood amyloid-β oligomerization associated with neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Oligomeric amyloid-ß is a major toxic species associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Methods used to measure oligomeric amyloid-β in the blood have increased in number in recent years. The Multimer Detection System-Oligomeric Amyloid-β (MDS-OAβ) is a specific method to measure oligomerization tendencies in the blood.

The usefulness of visual rating of posterior atrophy in predicting rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: A preliminary study.

Background: Approximately 10% to 30% of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients progress rapidly in severity and become more dependent on caregivers. Although several studies have investigated whether imaging biomarkers such as medial temporal atrophy (MTA) and posterior atrophy (PA) are useful for predicting the rapid progression of AD, their results have been inconsistent.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the association of visually rated MTA and PA with rapid disease progression in AD.

Optomechanical non-contact measurement of microparticle compressibility in liquids.

High-throughput label-free measurements of the optical and mechanical properties of single microparticles play an important role in biological research, drug development, and related large population assays. However, mechanical detection techniques that rely on the density contrast of a particle with respect to its environment cannot sense neutrally bouyant particles. On the other hand, neutrally buoyant particles may still have a high compressibility contrast with respect to their environment, opening a new window to their detection and analysis.

Posterior atrophy predicts time to dementia in patients with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment.

Background: In patients with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI), neurodegenerative biomarkers such as medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) are useful to predict disease progression to dementia. Although posterior atrophy (PA) is a well-known neurodegenerative biomarker of Alzheimer's disease, little is known about PA as a predictor in patients with amyloid-positive MCI.

Methods: We included 258 patients with amyloid-positive MCI with at least one follow-up visit, and who had low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid concentration.

The Oncologic Outcome of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients After Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy With Total Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy.

Background: The oncologic outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients after robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy (RATE) with total mediastinal lymphadenectomy (ML) has not been reported. This study was performed to determine the oncologic outcome of RATE and the effectiveness of total ML for ESCC.

Methods: The 115 patients who underwent RATE without neoadjuvant therapy from 2006 to 2014 were reviewed.

Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Carinatum in Patients Unsuited to Bracing Therapy.

Background: We used an Abramson technique for minimally invasive repair of pectus carinatum in patients who preferred surgery to brace therapy, had been unsuccessfully treated via brace therapy, or were unsuitable for brace therapy because of a rigid chest wall.

Methods: Between July 2011 and May 2015, 16 patients with pectus carinatum underwent minimally invasive surgery.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.