Community characteristics and substance-free activity and service access predict membership in alcohol use disorder risk profiles.

Objective: Community characteristics (e.g., alcohol access, poverty) are associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) at the population level, and person-level AUD severity indicators (e.

A behavioral choice analysis of the role of life events during early nonabstinent natural recovery from alcohol use disorder.

Prior research supported a behavioral choice analysis of the role of life events in posttreatment drinking among abstinence-seeking inpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study investigated the generality of those relationships among persons attempting "natural" recovery involving moderation drinking. We had two hypotheses: (1) The likelihood of drinking after an event would be related to the degree of alcohol-related disruption in the life-health area of the event.

A Behavioral Economic Examination of Sexual Behaviors in the Era of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis via Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use may be associated with condom use decisions. The current investigation examined sexual decision-making in the context of PrEP among young adult men who have sex with men (MSM) between 18 and 30 years old, using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. For the quantitative aim, 99 MSM currently taking PrEP (i.

Relationship between drinking risk and preferences for helping resources among emerging adults living in disadvantaged communities in the Southeastern United States.

Compared to campus-based alcohol interventions for college students, services for emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers who reside off-campus in disadvantaged communities are not well established. This web survey assessed drinking practices, problems, and preferences for professional and lay helping resources spanning digital and in-person formats among community-dwelling EAs to guide services for them and determine whether drinking risk levels varied by preferences for help. Digital respondent-driven sampling recruited EA risky drinkers from disadvantaged communities (N = 356; M age = 23.

Emergency department patient-centred care perspectives from deaf and hard-of-hearing patients.

Background: Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) patients are a priority population for emergency medicine health services research. DHH patients are at higher risk than non-DHH patients of using the emergency department (ED), have longer lengths of stay in the ED and report poor patient-provider communication. This qualitative study aimed to describe ED care-seeking and patient-centred care perspectives among DHH patients.

Spending Time in Nature Serves as a Protective Factor against Problematic Alcohol Use: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Alcohol use in the U.S. continues to be a prevalent behavior with the potential for far-reaching personal and public health consequences.

Relative reinforcement from physical activity in real-world environments: a novel application of behavioral economics.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are likely to engage in a behavior if it is more reinforcing and readily available than other possible options. In real-world environments, sedentary behaviors are often more reinforcing and easily available than physical activities. In order to promote regular physical activity in an environment with sedentary alternatives, it is important to understand the proportion of overall reinforcement that is derived from physical activity (i.

Bidirectional prospective associations between behavioral economic indicators and drinking patterns during alcohol use disorder natural recovery attempts.

Objectives: Behavioral economic (BE) theory posits that harmful alcohol use is a joint product of elevated alcohol demand and preference for immediate over delayed rewards. Despite cross-sectional research support, whether expected bidirectional relations exist between BE indicators and drinking during recovery attempts is unknown. Therefore, this prospective research investigated quarter-by-quarter cross-lagged associations between BE simulation tasks and drinking following a natural recovery attempt.

Utility of interactive voice response self-monitoring in stabilizing initial change during natural recovery attempts among persons with alcohol use disorder.

Background: Providing extensive low threshold, low intensity interventions during self-initiated recovery attempts may help to stabilize initial change during early recovery when relapse risk is high. This study provided untreated persons with alcohol use disorder (AUD) daily access to an interactive voice response (IVR) self-monitoring system during the early months of a natural recovery attempt to report drinking-related variables. The study prospectively examined event-level associations among IVR call frequency, urges to drink, and drinking practices to evaluate whether more frequent IVR utilization helped participants to manage urges and attenuated the established relationship between urges and relapse.

Emergency department utilization among deaf and hard-of-hearing patients: A retrospective chart review.

Background: Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) patients are an underserved priority population. Existing, although contextually limited, findings indicate that DHH patients are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) than non-DHH patients. However, little attention has been given to the differences in ED utilization by patients' language modalities.

Time Horizons, Drug Use, and Risky Sex in Young Women from Poor Urban Areas.

Aims: Emerging adulthood is marked by elevated risk-taking, and young people living in disadvantaged urban areas experience disproportionately more negative outcomes. Using a sample of young African American women living in such communities, this cross-sectional observational study investigated the hypothesis that greater substance use and sexual risk-taking would be associated with present-dominated time perspectives and higher delay discounting.

Methodology: Young women ( = 223, age = 20.

Social Network Drinking Feedback is Associated with Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies and Drinking-Related Outcomes in Emerging Adult Risky Drinkers.

Objective: Although emerging adult risky drinkers are generally unmotivated to change their drinking, use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) to minimize drinking risks is associated with decreased alcohol-related harms. However, research on social influences on PBS use and associations with drinking outcomes is limited and relevant to informing interventions for this priority population. This study investigated whether emerging adults' drinking-related behaviors were associated with social network encouragement, discouragement, or mixed messages about their drinking and with PBS use.

Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients: A Critical Review.

Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) populations are understudied in health services research and underserved in healthcare systems. Existing data indicate that adult DHH patients are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) for less emergent conditions than non-DHH patients. However, the lack of research focused on this population's ED utilization impedes the development of health promotion and quality improvement interventions to improve patient health and quality outcomes.

"They're Not Willing To Accommodate Deaf patients": Communication Experiences of Deaf American Sign Language Users in the Emergency Department.

Deaf people who use American Sign Language (ASL) are more likely to use the emergency department (ED) than their hearing English-speaking counterparts and are also at higher risk of receiving inaccessible communication. The purpose of this study is to explore the ED communication experience of Deaf patients. A descriptive qualitative study was performed by interviewing 11 Deaf people who had used the ED in the past 2 years.

Psychometric Evaluation of a 10-Item Health Insurance Knowledge Scale.

Background: College students are a priority population for health insurance literacy interventions. Yet, there are few psychometric studies on measuring health insurance knowledge - a core construct of health insurance literacy.

Methods: We administered a health insurance survey to 2,250 college students.

Social Network Feedback and Drinking Outcomes among Emerging Adult Risky Drinkers Living in Urban Communities.

Unlabelled: Alcohol use and related problems often increase during emerging adulthood and are influenced by social networks. Investigating alcohol-specific feedback from network members may be useful for understanding social influences and designing interventions to reduce risky drinking among emerging adults. This study examined whether drinking practices and consequences among emerging adult risky drinkers living in disadvantaged urban communities were influenced by receipt of encouragement, discouragement, or mixed messages about drinking from network members.

Shifts in behavioral allocation patterns as a natural recovery mechanism: Postresolution expenditure patterns.

Background: Behavioral economics predicts that recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder involves shifts in resource allocation away from drinking, toward valuable nondrinking rewards that reinforce and stabilize recovery behavior patterns. Further, these shifts should distinguish nonproblem drinking (moderation) outcomes from outcomes involving abstinence or relapse. To evaluate these hypotheses, 5 prospective studies of recent natural recovery attempts were integrated to examine changes in monetary spending during the year following the initial cessation of heavy drinking as a function of 1-year drinking outcomes.

Behavioral economic indicators of risky drinking among community-dwelling emerging adults.

Behavioral economic (BE) approaches to understanding and reducing risky drinking among college students are well established, but little is known about the generalizability of prior findings to peers who currently are not traditional college students and are more difficult to reach for assessment and intervention. This cross-sectional survey investigated whether drinking practices and negative consequences were associated with greater alcohol demand, alcohol reward value, and delay discounting in this target population. Community-dwelling emerging adult drinkers aged 21 to 29 ( = 357) were recruited using Respondent-Driven Sampling adapted to a digital platform (age = 23.

Cocaine and Marijuana Polysubstance Use and Cocaine Use Disorder: Investigating Mediated Effects through Patterns of Cocaine Use.

Cocaine use is on the rise and it is comorbid with marijuana use. We examined the association between lifetime cocaine + marijuana polysubstance use (CM PSU) versus cocaine only and lifetime cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and examined the potential mediation by cocaine use patterns. A total of 2,968 lifetime cocaine users were identified from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.

Identification of Typologies of Cocaine Use Based on Quantity, Frequency, and Duration of Use: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Objectives: We identified the patterns of cocaine use during individuals' heaviest use period by considering quantity, frequency, and duration simultaneously and examined the correlates and risk profile for these patterns.

Methods: Latent profile analysis was conducted among the 3117 individuals who reported lifetime use of cocaine in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) with quantity, frequency, and duration used as indicators. Logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with subtype membership based on patterns of cocaine use and the relationships between these patterns and cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and its severity.

Negative affect and the utilization of tobacco treatment among adult smokers with cancer.

Objective: We investigated the patterns of tobacco treatment utilization among US adult smokers with cancer and the role of negative affect as potential individual-level psychosocial barriers and facilitators influencing quit attempts and tobacco treatment utilization.

Methods: We analyzed data from the adult sample in Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Using structural equation modeling, we examined (1) the association between cancer diagnosis and negative affect (e.

Utility of digital Respondent Driven Sampling to recruit community-dwelling emerging adults for assessment of drinking and related risks.

Introduction: Emerging adulthood often entails heightened risk-taking, including risky drinking, and research is needed to guide intervention development and delivery. This study adapted Respondent Driven Sampling, a peer-driven recruitment method, to a digital platform (d-RDS) and evaluated its utility to recruit community-dwelling emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers, who are under-served and more difficult to reach for assessment and intervention than their college student peers.

Materials And Methods: Community-dwelling EA risky drinkers (N = 357) were recruited using d-RDS (M age = 23.

The association between quantity, frequency and duration of cocaine use during the heaviest use period and DSM-5 cocaine use disorder.

Background: Quantity (Q), frequency (F), and duration (D) of cocaine use during a person's heaviest use period are important aspects of cocaine use patterns that associated with cocaine use disorder (CocUD).

Methods: A total 2988 lifetime cocaine users who met CocUD after the onset of cocaine heaviest use were identified from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). QFD were each categorized into four levels.

Utility of different dimensional properties of drinking practices to predict stable low-risk drinking outcomes of natural recovery attempts.

Background: Functional measures indicating lower drinking problem severity predict stable low-risk drinking outcomes of recovery attempts, but findings for drinking practices are mixed. Because low-risk drinking outcomes are more common in natural than treatment-assisted recovery attempts, five studies of natural recovery attempts were integrated. Multiple dimensions of drinking practices during the year before recovery initiation were evaluated as predictors of post-recovery drinking (continuous abstinence, stable low-risk drinking, or unstable recovery involving relapse).