A Sensitive Immunodetection Assay Using Antibodies Specific to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Produced by Baculovirus Expression.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent bacterial toxin that causes inflammatory stimulation and toxic shock, thus it is necessary to detect SEB in food and environmental samples. Here, we developed a sensitive immunodetection system using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Our study is the first to employ a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) to produce recombinant wild-type SEB.

Complete genome sequence of serotype 3 INT-01, isolated from a domestic pig in Korea.

is a major pig pathogen causing severe economic losses to the swine industry. This study aimed to analyze the genome of strain INT-01 isolated from a domestic pig in Korea. We found that the genome of strain INT-01 contains 2,092,054 bp, with a guanine (G) + cytosine (C) content of 41.

Specific bacteriophage of Bordetella bronchiseptica regulates B. bronchiseptica-induced microRNA expression profiles to decrease inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells.

Background: Respiratory diseases in pigs are the main health concerns for swine producers. Similar to the diseases in human and other animals, respiratory diseases are primary related to morbidity and are the result of infection with bacteria, viruses, or both. B.

Pasteurella multocida specific bacteriophage suppresses P. multocida-induced inflammation: identification of genes related to bacteriophage signaling by Pasteurella multocida-infected swine nasal turbinate cells.

Background: Although Pasteurella multocida is highly prevalent pathogen in animals and plays an important role in swine respiratory diseases, only a few studies on the use of bacteriophages specific to Pasteurella multocida disease have been reported.

Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of specific P. multocida bacteriophages and to identify genes related to bacteriophage signaling utilizing RNA microarrays in swine nasal turbinate cells.

Complete Genome Sequence of Aeromonas rivipollensis KN-Mc-11N1, Isolated from a Wild Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in South Korea.

We report here the complete genome sequence of Aeromonas rivipollensis KN-Mc-11N1, which was isolated from a wild nutria (Myocastor coypus) in South Korea. Genomic analysis indicated that A. rivipollensis may have zoonotic potential similar to that of other aeromonads, and nutria could be one of the sources of transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans.

Bordetella bronchiseptica bateriophage suppresses B. bronchiseptica-induced inflammation in swine nasal turbinate cells.

The development of therapeutic bacteriophages will provide several benefits based on an understanding the basic physiological dynamics of phage and bacteria interactions for therapeutic use in light of the results of antibiotic abuse. However, studies on bacteriophage therapeutics against microbes are very limited, because of lack of phage stability and an incomplete understanding of the physiological intracellular mechanisms of phage. The major objective of this investigation was to provide opportunity for development of a novel therapeutic treatment to control respiratory diseases in swine.

Evaluation of the broad-spectrum lytic capability of bacteriophage cocktails against various Salmonella serovars and their effects on weaned pigs infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.

The broad-spectrum lytic capability of Salmonella bacteriophages against various Salmonella species was evaluated to determine their potential as an alternative for antibiotics, and the safety and preventive effects of the bacteriophages were assessed on mice and pigs. Four bacteriophage cocktails were prepared using 13 bacteriophages, and the lytic capability of the four bacteriophage cocktails was tested using Salmonella reference strains and field isolates. Bacteriophage cocktail C (SEP-1, SGP-1, STP-1, SS3eP-1, STP-2, SChP-1, SAP-1, SAP-2; ≥10 pfu/ml) showed the best lytic activity against the Salmonella reference strains (100% of 34) and field isolates (92.

Characterisation of the antibacterial properties of the recombinant phage endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 as potent bactericidal agents against Bacillus anthracis.

The recombinant phage endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 were developed using genetic information from bacteriophages AP50 and B4 and were produced by microbial cultivation followed by chromatographic purification. Subsequently, appropriate formulations were developed that provided an acceptable stability of the recombinant endolysins. The bacteriolytic properties of the formulated endolysins AP50-31 and LysB4 against several bacterial strains belonging to the Bacillus genus including Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) strains were examined.

Simultaneous RNA-seq based transcriptional profiling of intracellular Brucella abortus and B. abortus-infected murine macrophages.

Brucella is a zoonotic pathogen that survives within macrophages; however the replicative mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We describe the isolation of sufficient Brucella abortus RNA from primary host cell environment using modified reported methods for RNA-seq analysis, and simultaneously characterize the transcriptional profiles of intracellular B. abortus and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from BALB/c mice at 24 h (replicative phase) post-infection.

Transcriptomic analysis of genes modulated by cyclo(L-phenylalanine-L-proline) in Vibrio vulnificus.

Diketopiperazine is produced by various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and animals, and has been suggested as a novel signal molecule involved in the modulation of genes with various biological functions. Vibrio vulnificus, which causes septicemia in humans, produces cyclo(L-phenylalanine-L-proline) (cFP). To understand the biological roles of cFP, the effect of the compound on the expression of the total mRNA in V.

The fur-iron complex modulates expression of the quorum-sensing master regulator, SmcR, to control expression of virulence factors in Vibrio vulnificus.

The gene vvpE, encoding the virulence factor elastase, is a member of the quorum-sensing regulon in Vibrio vulnificus and displays enhanced expression at high cell density. We observed that this gene was repressed under iron-rich conditions and that the repression was due to a Fur (ferric uptake regulator)-dependent repression of smcR, a gene encoding a quorum-sensing master regulator with similarity to luxR in Vibrio harveyi. A gel mobility shift assay and a footprinting experiment demonstrated that the Fur-iron complex binds directly to two regions upstream of smcR (-82 to -36 and -2 to +27, with respect to the transcription start site) with differing affinities.

Iron and quorum sensing coordinately regulate the expression of vulnibactin biosynthesis in Vibrio vulnificus.

Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic marine pathogen associated with human diseases such as septicemia and serious wound infections. Genes vvsA and vvsB, which are co-transcribed and encode a member of the nonribosomal peptide synthase family, are required for vulnibactin biosynthesis in V. vulnificus.

Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage phiAS7, a T7-like virus that infects Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.

To date, a number of Myoviridae bacteriophages that infect Aeromonadaceae have been identified and characterized. However, the genome sequences of Aeromonas phages that not belong to the Myoviridae have not been investigated yet. Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of Aeromonas phage phiAS7, which belongs to the Podoviridae and infects Aeromonas salmonicida subsp.

Complete genome sequence and characterization of a broad-host range T4-like bacteriophage phiAS5 infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.

In this study, we report one lytic Myoviridae bacteriophage (phage) infecting Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. The phage (named as phiAS5) was isolated from environmental river waters in Korea, and showed broad infectivity to other bacterial species in the family Aeromonadaceae as well as antibiotic-resistant A.

Identification of virulence factors in vibrio vulnificus by comparative transcriptomic analyses between clinical and environmental isolates using cDNA microarray.

We compared the gene expression among four clinical and five environmental V. vulnificus isolates, using a cDNA microarray containing 131 genes possibly associated with pathogenicity, transport, signal transduction, and gene regulations in the pathogen. cDNAs from total RNAs of these isolates were hybridized into the cDNA microarray using the cDNA of the wild-type strain MO6/24-O as a reference.

Identification of a peptide that interacts with Nestin protein expressed in brain cancer stem cells.

Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are presumably major culprits for brain tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence after conventional therapies. Thus, selective targeting and eradication of GSCs may provide a promising and effective therapeutic approach. Here, we isolated a GSC-targeting (GSCT) peptide that demonstrated selective binding affinity for many undifferentiated GSCs using in vitro phage display technology.

Molecular characterization of tetracycline- and quinolone-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida isolated in Korea.

The antibiotic resistance of 16 Aeromonas (A.) salmonicida strains isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples in Korea from 2006 to 2009 were investigated in this study. Tetracycline or quinolone resistance was observed in eight and 16 of the isolates, respectively, based on the measured minimal inhibitory concentrations.

Comparison of the antibacterial properties of phage endolysins SAL-1 and LysK.

In spite of the high degree of amino acid sequence similarity between the newly discovered phage endolysin SAL-1 and the phage endolysin LysK, SAL-1 has an approximately 2-fold-lower MIC against several Staphylococcus aureus strains and higher bacterial cell-wall-hydrolyzing activity than LysK. The amino acid residue change contributing the most to this enhanced enzymatic activity is a change from glutamic acid to glutamine at the 114th residue.

Generation and characterization of thymidine/D-alanine auxotrophic recombinant Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 expressing BmpB.

Genetic engineering of Lactococcus lactis to produce a heterologous protein may cause potential risks to the environment despite the industrial usefulness of engineered strains. To reduce the risks, we generated three auxotrophic recombinant L. lactis subsp.

Antibacterial and biofilm removal activity of a podoviridae Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage SAP-2 and a derived recombinant cell-wall-degrading enzyme.

Antibacterial and biofilm removal activity of a new podoviridae Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage (SAP-2), which belongs to the phi29-like phage genus of the Podoviridae family, and a cell-wall-degrading enzyme (SAL-2), which is derived from bacteriophage SAP-2, have been characterized. The cell-wall-degrading enzyme SAL-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form using a low-temperature culture. The cell-wall-degrading enzyme SAL-2 had specific lytic activity against S.

Cloning and characterization of a novel tuf promoter from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403.

Genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) requires a reliable gene expression system. Especially, a stable promoter is an important genetic element to induce gene expression in such a system. We report on a novel tuf promoter (Ptuf) of Lactococcus lactis subsp.