A Study on the Control of Residual Stress of Copper Thick-Film Using 2D Nanomaterial.

With the rapid development of the electronics industry, high-density electronic devices and component mounting have gained popularity. Because of the heat generated from these devices, efficiency of the electronic parts is significantly lowered and life of various electronic devices is considerably shortened. Therefore, it is essential to efficiently dissipate the heat generated from the device to extend product life and ensure high efficiency of electronic components.

Different impacts of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

Objectives: Although the prevalence rates of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus are slowing in some high-income countries, HTN and diabetes mellitus remain as the two major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. We aimed to observe the association of HTN and diabetes mellitus with all-cause and CVD mortality in older white adults.

Methods: All community-dwelling Rancho Bernardo Study participants who were at least 55 years old and had carefully measured blood pressure and plasma glucose from 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at the baseline visit (1984-1987, n = 2186) were followed up until death or the last clinic visit in 2013 (median 14.

Differentiation between polycystic ovary syndrome and polycystic ovarian morphology by means of an anti-Müllerian hormone cutoff value.

Background/aims: Although increased serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level has been suggested to be a surrogate marker of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), its association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is controversial, and its diagnostic value has not been determined. We aimed to observe the relationship between the AMH level and PCOS phenotypes and to determine the optimal cutoff value of AMH for the diagnosis of PCOS in young Korean women.

Methods: We recruited 207 women with PCOS (120 with PCOM and 87 without PCOM) and 220 regular cycling women with normoandrogenemia (100 with PCOM and 120 without PCOM).

Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Can Predict Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Purpose: The triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio could be related to insulin resistance (IR). We previously reported that Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had a high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We aimed to determine the cutoff value of the TG/HDL-C ratio for predicting IR and to examine whether the TG/HDL-C ratio is useful for identifying individuals at risk of IGT in young Korean women with PCOS.

A genetic risk score is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome-related traits.

Study Question: Is a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its related clinical features?

Summary Answer: The GRS calculated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) was significantly associated with PCOS status and its related clinical features.

What Is Known Already: PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder and is characterized by oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. Although recent GWASs have identified multiple genes associated with PCOS, a comprehensive genetic risk study of these loci with PCOS and related traits (e.

Increased Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is suggested to play an important role in the progression of metabolic syndrome. We aimed to establish a simple method to measure EAT and examine the differences in EAT thickness according to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity.

Methods: A total of 94 patients (42.

Metabolic effects of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents.

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenic anovulation in women of reproductive age. We investigated the metabolic effects of lean and overweight adolescents with PCOS.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters were evaluated in 49 adolescents with PCOS and 40 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls.

Pathway Analysis Based on a Genome-Wide Association Study of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, and it is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Although the genetic component of PCOS is evident, studies aiming to identify susceptibility genes have shown controversial results. This study conducted a pathway-based analysis using a dataset obtained through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to elucidate the biological pathways that contribute to PCOS susceptibility and the associated genes.

Genome-wide association study identified new susceptibility loci for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: Are there any novel genetic markers of susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

Summary Answer: We identified a novel susceptibility locus on chromosome 8q24.2 and several moderately associated loci for PCOS in Korean women.

What Is Known Already: PCOS is a highly complex disorder with significant contributions from both genetic and environmental factors.

FTO Gene Variants Are Associated with PCOS Susceptibility and Hyperandrogenemia in Young Korean Women.

Background: The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity and insulin resistance are also common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, the FTO gene might be a candidate gene for PCOS susceptibility.

Comparison of the body adiposity index to body mass index in Korean women.

Purpose: Obesity is a major public health issue and is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, the assessment of obesity is very important. A new measurement, the body adiposity index (BAI), has recently been proposed to provide valid estimates of body fat percentages.

Plasma glucose regulation and mortality in Korea: a pooled analysis of three community-based cohort studies.

Background: Although diabetes is a well-known risk factor for death, its impact on cancer death is not clearly understood. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are associated with increased risk of mortality. We investigated the impact of diabetes or glucose tolerance categories on all cause and cause-specific mortality.

Hyperandrogenemia is implicated in both the metabolic and reproductive morbidities of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To determine the features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that are implicated in the associated reproductive and metabolic morbidities.

Design: Cross-sectional case-control study.

Setting: Academic medical setting.

Association between extraversion personality and abnormal glucose regulation in young Korean women.

Depression and psychological distress are known to be associated with diabetes development as well as the disease progression including glycemic control and chronic complication, but relationship of personality with diabetes is controversial. We examined whether personality trait and the presence of abnormal glucose regulation (AGR; diabetes and pre-diabetes) are associated in young women. A total of 1,617 young women aged 19-39 years without previously diagnosed diabetes were participated voluntarily.

Diabetes epidemics in Korea: reappraise nationwide survey of diabetes "diabetes in Korea 2007".

There are many studies on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and economic burden of diabetes across the past four decades in Korea. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of nationwide study regarding diabetes encompassing all age group. Eight years ago, the Committee on the Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus of Korean Diabetes Association collaborated with Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service to evaluate the status of diabetes care and characteristics in diabetic patients in Korea.

Adipokines, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels, and insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background/aims: Many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit insulin resistance. Adipose tissue plays an important role in insulin resistance, and adipokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and adiponectin are altered in PCOS. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), alone or in conjunction with other adipokines, is also associated with insulin resistance.

Clinical implications of menstrual cycle length in oligomenorrhoeic young women.

Objective: Although menstrual irregularity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, the relationship between the severity of menstrual infrequency and clinical phenotypes in young women with oligomenorrhoea (OM) is unclear. We evaluated whether a longer menstrual cycle length is associated with less favourable metabolic features.

Design/patients/measurements: A total of 1174 young women (aged 19-39 years) with a menstrual cycle length over 40 days and 1430 women with regular menstrual cycles participated voluntarily.

The visceral adiposity index as a predictor of insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Visceral fat accumulation is more strongly related to insulin resistance than to excess total adiposity. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) has recently been suggested as an indicator of the visceral adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate whether the VAI could replace visceral computed tomography (CT) scanning and predict insulin resistance in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was presented.

Is insulin resistance an intrinsic defect in asian polycystic ovary syndrome?

Purpose: Approximately 50% to 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have some degree of insulin resistance, and obesity is known to worsen insulin resistance. Many metabolic consequences of PCOS are similar to those of obesity; therefore, defining the cause of insulin resistance in women can be difficult. Our objective was to clarify the factors contributing to insulin resistance in PCOS.

Optimal hemoglobin A1C Cutoff Value for Diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean adults.

Commonly used tests for the diagnosis of diabetes include measurements of fasting plasma glucose levels and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Recently, a hemoglobin A1C (A1C) level of 6.5% has been included as a criterion for diabetes diagnosis by the American Diabetes Association.

Elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid young women.

Background/aims: The existence of an association between thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) levels and metabolic derangement in euthyroid subjects is controversial. We examined the association between high normal TSH levels and metabolic syndrome in healthy young women.

Methods: The study recruited 2,760 young female volunteers (age, 18 to 39 years) with TSH levels in the normal range (0.

Sleep disorder and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background/aims: Sleep disorder (SD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and is more prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These health problems not only frequently coexist but also exacerbate each other. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of SD among diabetic patients and to investigate the relationship between SD and cardiovascular risk among these patients.

Long menstrual cycle is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in korean women.

Background: Long menstrual cycle is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women. We aimed to evaluate the association between existing type 2 diabetes and oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes, and to observe the differences in this association among obese and non-obese Korean women.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=118) and without any clinical evidence of abnormal glucose regulation (n=258) who attended the outpatient clinic of a university hospital and were over age 30.