Expression Elements Derived From Plant Sequences Provide Effective Gene Expression Regulation and New Opportunities for Plant Biotechnology Traits.

Plant biotechnology traits provide a means to increase crop yields, manage weeds and pests, and sustainably contribute to addressing the needs of a growing population. One of the key challenges in developing new traits for plant biotechnology is the availability of expression elements for efficacious and predictable transgene regulation. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics, and computational tools have enabled the generation of new expression elements in a variety of model organisms.

Synergistic effect of anti-platelet and anti-inflammation of drug-coated Co-Cr substrates for prevention of initial in-stent restenosis.

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies are systematically considered to prevent restenosis following coronary stent implantation. Currently, patients receiving medicated stents are prescribed to orally take anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin (ASP) and prasugrel (PRAS). Propolis (PROP) known as a natural organic compound was recently evaluated for its antiplatelet activity, antibiotics and immunomodulatory activities.

Cardiorespiratory endurance in children with and without cerebral palsy as measured by an ergometer: a case series study.

[Purpose] This preliminary study aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory endurance of children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a case series study in order to provide the reference data required for interventions appropriate for South Korean CP sufferers, since aerobic ability evaluation and interventions for children with CP are not well recognized in South Korea. [Subjects and Methods] Four children and adolescents with CP GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) level I and II and two normally developing children (ND) (age: 7-15 years) were studied. Cycle ergometer testing was performed to determine their VO2 peak and RER peak concentrations as well as VE peak and 6MWT distance.

A clinical analysis of bilateral orbital fracture.

Although bilateral orbital fracture can cause serious eyeball and facial skeletal problems, few reports have been issued on the topic. We analyzed the clinical features of bilateral orbital fracture by reviewing the medical records of 147 patients and compared bilateral and unilateral fractures by reviewing the literature.Bilateral orbital fracture was most common in men aged between 50 and 59 years.

Effect of strength training of ankle plantarflexors on selective voluntary motor control, gait parameters, and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle plantarflexor strength training on selective voluntary motor control, gait parameters, and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy (CP), focusing on changes in the strength and muscle activity of the ankle plantarflexors. [Methods] Six children aged between 4 and 10 years with CP participated in a 6 week strengthening program. The subjects were evaluated before and after the intervention in terms of ankle plantarflexor strength, muscle activity, gait velocity, cadence, step length, and D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping) dimensions of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM).

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the orbit and the ethmoid sinus.

The orbit is an unusual site for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and concurrent metastases of RCC to the ethmoid sinus and the orbit occur very rarely. The treatment goal of orbital and paranasal metastatic RCC is total exenteration. We report a rare case of metastatic RCC to the orbit and the ethmoid sinus.

Cataract and refractive surgery in ; a survey of KSCRS members from 1995~2006.

Purpose: This purpose of this report was to study trends in cataract and refractive surgeries conducted during the past twelve years and to compare results to previous reports from the ASCRS and New Zealand (NZ) in order to forecast future medical services.

Methods: We surveyed members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (KSCRS) every year from 1995 to 2006, and studied changes in cataract and refractive surgeries (RS).

Results: The duration of hospitalization has been gradually decreasing to the point that a one day hospitalization following surgery has become common.

Temporary unilateral neurogenic blepharoptosis after orbital medial wall reconstruction: 3 cases.

Purpose: We report 3 cases of unilateral blepharoptosis after orbital medial wall reconstruction and describe the cause and clinical outcome.

Methods: Observational case series.

Results: Three previously healthy patients underwent reconstruction for orbital medial wall fracture.

Choroidal ischemia and serous macular detachment associated with severe postoperative pain.

To report the association of a unilateral serous macular detachment with severe postoperative pain. A 71-year-old woman presented with a sudden decrease in vision in the right eye, seven days after a total knee replacement arthroplasty. The patient's history was unremarkable except for a severe pain greater than the visual analog scale of 8 points for about 2 days after surgery.

Cell identity mediates the response of Arabidopsis roots to abiotic stress.

Little is known about the way developmental cues affect how cells interpret their environment. We characterized the transcriptional response to high salinity of different cell layers and developmental stages of the Arabidopsis root and found that transcriptional responses are highly constrained by developmental parameters. These transcriptional changes lead to the differential regulation of specific biological functions in subsets of cell layers, several of which correspond to observable physiological changes.

An evolutionarily conserved mechanism delimiting SHR movement defines a single layer of endodermis in plants.

Intercellular protein movement plays a critical role in animal and plant development. SHORTROOT (SHR) is a moving transcription factor essential for endodermis specification in the Arabidopsis root. Unlike diffusible animal morphogens, which form a gradient across multiple cell layers, SHR movement is limited to essentially one cell layer.

Conservation and diversification of SCARECROW in maize.

The SCARECROW (SCR) gene in Arabidopsis is required for asymmetric cell divisions responsible for ground tissue formation in the root and shoot. Previously, we reported that Zea mays SCARECROW (ZmSCR) is the likely maize ortholog of SCR. Here we describe conserved and divergent aspects of ZmSCR.

A broad competence to respond to SHORT ROOT revealed by tissue-specific ectopic expression.

In plants, cell fate specification depends primarily on position rather than lineage. Recent results indicate that positional information can be transmitted through intercellular trafficking of transcription factors. The SHORT ROOT (SHR) gene, a member of the GRAS family of putative transcription factors, is involved in root radial patterning in Arabidopsis.

A gene expression map of the Arabidopsis root.

A global map of gene expression within an organ can identify genes with coordinated expression in localized domains, thereby relating gene activity to cell fate and tissue specialization. Here, we present localization of expression of more than 22,000 genes in the Arabidopsis root. Gene expression was mapped to 15 different zones of the root that correspond to cell types and tissues at progressive developmental stages.