Ethical dimensions in telemedicine - balancing technology, responsible care, and patient protection.

Telemedicine, defined as the practice of delivering healthcare services remotely using information and communications technologies, raises a plethora of ethical considerations. As telemedicine evolves, its ethical dimensions play an increasingly pivotal role in balancing the benefits of advanced technologies, ensuring responsible healthcare practices within telemedicine environments, and safeguarding patient rights. Healthcare providers, patients, policymakers, and technology developers involved in telemedicine encounter numerous ethical challenges that need to be addressed.

Ethical aspects of conducting clinical trials of human medicinal products.

The conduct of clinical trials of investigational medicinal products brings, in clinical research with the participation of human subjects, various ethical concerns, which should be competently addressed. In clinical research, adherence to ethical principles plays an essential role in the safety of clinical trial participants, as well as in minimizing risks to the integrity and validity of data collected and analyzed during the conduct of clinical trials. The article contains an overview of the most important legal regulations and ethical standards that regulate the field of clinical trials.

Ethical aspects of tissue and organ transplantation.

Along with the development of medicine and new therapeutic methods, the options of tissue and organ transplantation are constantly evolving, which brings a whole range of ethical connotations. The paper presents the legislative requirements and ethical principles that should be followed in transplant medicine, as well as their mutual connection. The article focuses on the ethical aspects which occur in connection with tissue and organ procurement and transplantation in everyday practice.

[Ethical aspects in oncology].

Decisions related to the treatment of oncological diseases bring various ethical dilemmas to healthcare providers caring for cancer patients. Along with the development of medicine and new therapeutic methods, there are also increased demands on the appropriate selection of eligible patients for allocation to a particular treatment method, which causes a number of ethical connotations. The paper deals with ethical issues in the course of oncology treatment, with theoretical bases for ethical decision-making and with ethical aspects of communication with patients suffering from oncological diseases.

Macrophage-mediated tissue response evoked by subchronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles is associated with the alteration of phospholipases C and cholesterol transporters.

Background: Inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs), which are emitted to the environment by high-temperature technological processes, heavily impairs target organs. These nanoparticles pass through the lung barrier and are distributed via the blood into secondary target organs, where they cause numerous pathological alterations. Here, we studied in detail, macrophages as specialized cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response in selected target organs to unravel their potential involvement in reaction to subchronic PbO NP inhalation.

[Ethical connotations of conducting clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic].

The paper focuses on conducting clinical trials on medicinal products for human use during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought entirely new ethical dilemmas to clinical research professionals, as well as to the general public. Growing ethical concerns emphasized the need for partially modified or completely new procedures in order to ensure the safety of clinical trial participants, compliance with good clinical practice, and minimizing risks to the clinical trial integrity and validity of data obtained from clinical trials conducted during the pandemic. The paper acquaints with emergency measures issued by the State Institute for Drug Control during the COVID-19 public health emergency, discusses quality management, methods of efficient verification of the safety of subjects and data validity, and last but not least, presents risk areas and their ethical aspects in conducting clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Ethical connotations of the treatment of COVID-19 disease].

The current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought entirely new challenges to the health care professionals as well as to the general public, and together with them a number of new problems that the society needs to deal with. One of the groups of new challenges are undoubtedly ethical issues. For physicians in their daily practice, it is important to realize the significant role of ethical aspects during an epidemic or pandemic.

A Clearance Period after Soluble Lead Nanoparticle Inhalation Did Not Ameliorate the Negative Effects on Target Tissues Due to Decreased Immune Response.

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO) NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance.

Tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines Caught in the Cationic Cage: Toward Nanomolar Active Photosensitizers.

Investigation of a series of tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines (TPyPzs) substituted with hydrophilic substituents revealed important structure-activity relationships for their use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Among them, a cationic TPyPz derivative with total of 12 cationic charges above, below and in the plane of the core featured a unique spatial arrangement that caught the hydrophobic core in a cage, thereby protecting it fully from aggregation in water. This derivative exhibited exceptionally effective photodynamic activity on a number of tumor cell lines (HeLa, SK-MEL-28, A549, MCF-7) with effective concentrations (EC) typically below 5 nM, at least an order of magnitude better than the EC values obtained for the clinically approved photosensitizers verteporfin, temoporfin, protoporphyrin IX, and trisulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine.

Heteroatom-substituted tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines: a stride toward near-infrared-absorbing macrocycles.

A synthesis procedure for heteroatom-substituted tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines that absorb light near 800 nm was developed. Based on the observed relationships between the structure and photophysical parameters, a novel highly photodynamically active (IC50 = 0.26 μM) compound was synthesized and biologically characterized.

A comparison of the incidence of early postoperative infections between patients using synthetic mesh and those undergoing traditional pelvic reconstructive surgical procedures.

New mesh-related complications such as erosion, etc., can result from abnormal postoperative healing due to surgical site infection. The aim of our study was to compare systemic inflammatory responses and the incidence of early infectious complications after reconstructive surgery using synthetic mesh and after traditional vaginal wall repair.

[Modified classification of microscopic evaluation of vulvovaginal infections].

Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the role of microscopy using stained smears for diagnosis of vulvovavaginal infections:

Design: Description of different scoring systems.

Settings: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty, Charles University; General Teaching Hospital, Prague; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Microbiology and Antibiotic Center, First Medical Faculty, Charles University.

Material And Methods: Presentation of our practical skills in microscopic diagnoses of vulvovaginal infections.

[Current possibilities for diagnosis of vulvovaginal infection].

Objective Of The Study: The objective of the study was to describe current possibilities of proper diagnosis of vulvovaginal infections.

Design: Review article.

Settings: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Clinical microbiology and antibiotic center, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague.

[Detection of Francisella tularensis by blood culture].

Francisella tularensis, from the family Francisellaceae, is the aetiological agent of a zoonosis called tularaemia, spread throughout the northern hemisphere. The infectious dose is extremely low (10 CFU/ml) and the infection causes severe diseases or even death if untreated. The transmission to humans is always related to animals, either by a direct contact or by a contact with the environment contaminated by them.

[Tularaemia - an overview of the current knowledge].

Francisella tularensis belongs to the family Francisellaceae. It is the aetiological agent of a zoonosis called tularaemia, spread throughout the northern hemisphere. Currently, several subspecies of F.

[Detection of urinary tract infection using Uro-Quick system and quantitative dilution method].

Background: Significant bacteriuria is very important marker of urinary tract infection. The standard method for diagnosis of UTI is quantitative urine culture and identification of bacteria. For rapid enumeration of bacteria in urine semiautomatic systems were developed.

[Prospective study the prevalence of different candida strains and their sensitivity to different antimycotic treatment in women with vulvovaginal candidiasis].

Objective: Aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of differrent candida strains and their sensitivity to different antimycotic treatment in women with vulvovaginal candidosis.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and the General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague.

[Occurrence of the yeast and filamentous fungi in haematological patients during 2002 to August 2005].

Background: The number of diseases caused by yeast and fungi has been increasing recently. The primary disease is caused by dermatophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans. Other types of yeast and fungi can cause secondary infections of patients with predisposition factors.

[Cefepime as an empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation].

Background: Febrile neutropenia is one of the most frequent complications in intensively treated hematooncological patients and almost inevitably occurs after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is indicated in the initial management. Fourth-generation cephalosporins are the option.

[Prevalence of ESBL-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Czech Republic and their molecular biology analysis].

Background: One of the problems of contemporary medicine is an increasing number of bacterial strains with hazardous phenotypes of resistance. The feared bacterial pathogens include Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing AmpA extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The study focused on the molecular biological characteristics of ESBL-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected in the Czech Republic.

[The first experience with linezolide in treatment of nosocomial septic condition in premature neonates].

Objective: Nosocomial infections caused by the coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the most frequent complications in an intensive care unit for neonates. The authors describe three cases of successful treatment of this complication in which the new antibiotic Linezolide was used.

Design: Analysis of three clinical cases.

[Evaluation of trends in ue of antibiotics and resistance in selected bacterial pathogens].

Background: Evaluation of antibiotic consumption and the surveillance of bacterial pathogens resistance appears to be an indispensable part of antibiotic policy. The aim of this study was to evaluate dynamics of antibiotics consumption and resistance development in selected bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aueruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) in the environment of Faculty Hospital.

Methods And Results: The analysis was focused on the development of antibiotic consumption and monitoring of the development of bacterial resistance.

[Antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications in cesarean section--prospective study].

Objective: To verify the significance of Cefazolin administration to women who were indicated for caesarean section.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech republic.

Methods: Cefazolin was administered to 30 women with a patient history risk in a dose of 1 mg i.

[Treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients with solid tumors].

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the most serious complications of anti-tumourous treatment calling for early diagnosis and intensive treatment. The objective of the trial was to recommend a standard procedure for the treatment of febrile neutropenia at their Oncological Clinic, based on analyses of attacks of febrile neutropenia and the current microbial situation.

Methods And Results: In 1995-1997 in 30 patients (24 women, 6 men) 39 attacks of febrile neutropenia were treated.