Erythritol and xylitol differentially impact brain networks involved in appetite regulation in healthy volunteers.

Background: There is a growing consensus that sugar consumption should be reduced and the naturally occurring, low-calorie sweeteners xylitol and erythritol are gaining popularity as substitutes, but their effect on brain circuitry regulating appetite is unknown.

Aim: The study's objective was to examine the effects of the two sweeteners on cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and resting functional connectivity in brain networks involved in appetite regulation, and test whether these effects are related to gut hormone release.

Methods: The study was performed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.

Intranasal insulin administration decreases cerebral blood flow in cortico-limbic regions: A neuropharmacological imaging study in normal and overweight males.

Aim: To assess and compare the effects of 160 IU intranasal insulin (IN-INS) administration on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in healthy male individuals with normal weight and overweight phenotypes.

Methods: Thirty young male participants (mean age 25.9 years) were recruited and stratified into two cohorts based on body mass index: normal weight (18.