Case Report: Management of Acanthamoeba Rhinosinusitis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Infections caused by free-living amoebae pose a significant public health threat owing to growing populations of immunocompromised hosts combined with diagnostic delays, treatment difficulties, and high case fatality rates. Nasopharyngeal infections caused by Acanthamoeba are rare and the optimal treatment is not well established. We report a case of Acanthamoeba rhinosinusitis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who presented with headaches and chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to multiple courses of antibiotics.

Sinonasal and Skull Base Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Series.

Metastatic lesions to the paranasal sinuses and skull base, while rare, carry a poor prognosis. Renal cell carcinoma has been reported in multiple case reports to be one of the most common distant malignancies to spread to the paranasal sinuses; however, it is often unrecognized by physicians, and thus treatment is delayed. To increase awareness of this disease process, we describe three cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the sinonasal cavity, which is the largest case series in the literature to date.

The Transverse Turbinate Line: A Reliable Landmark for the Maxillary Sinus Natural Ostium.

Objectives: Approximating the maxillary sinus natural ostium's (MSNO) natural position during anterograde surgery is challenging, as only a single visual "landmark," the maxillary line, is routinely offered to guide the identification of the MSNO in three-dimensional space. Despite almost 40 years of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) experience in North America, maxillary recirculation and discontinuity between the natural and surgical ostia are commonly encountered during revision ESS. Consequently, we feel an additional visual landmark would assist in localizing the MSNO with or without image guidance.

Sinonasal IgG4-related sclerosing disease: A rare entity and challenging diagnosis.

Objectives: To describe the rare presentation, imaging and histological findings, and treatments in patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and diagnostic pitfalls and difficulties.

Methods: Cases of sinonasal IgG4-RD were retrieved, and clinicopathological features were reviewed.

Results: Seven cases of sinonasal IgG4-RD were identified over an 11-year period, including four males and three females, with an age range of 19-66 years (median 58 years).

Utilization of Nasal Mucus to Investigate the Pathophysiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Nasal mucus is proving to be a useful means by which to study the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Given the increase in publications examining nasal mucus and the lack of a review on this topic, we will focus on this noninvasive approach to studying CRS. Particular attention will be drawn towards inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers and their influence on disease severity.

Transformation from Sinonasal Seromucinous Hamartoma to Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Objectives: Sinonasal hamartomas are benign neoplasms composed of disorganized mature tissue elements. Epithelial variants include respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) and seromucinous hamartoma (SMH). Malignant transformation of REAH is rarely reported; however, the malignant transformation of SMH to adenocarcinoma has not been described.

The best COVID-19 predictor is recent smell loss: a cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19.

Methods: This preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness.

MYB-activated models for testing therapeutic agents in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective: There are no effective systemic therapies for adenoid cystic cancer (ACC) and lack of tumor lines and mouse models have hindered drug development.We aim to develop MYB-activated models for testing new therapeutic agents.

Materials And Methods: We studied new ACC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and generated a matched cell line from one patient.

Isolated leptomeningeal progression from sinonasal carcinomas: Implications for staging workup and treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the rate and risk factors of isolated leptomeningeal progression in sinonasal carcinomas.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed imaging and clinical records to determine progression patterns, and estimated rates using the Kaplan-Meier method. We evaluated risk factors using proportional hazard regression.

Significant orbital and intracranial complications from balloon sinus dilation as a stand-alone and powered dissector-assisted procedure.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting millions of people in the United States every year. Balloon sinus dilation is a minimally invasive intervention that was introduced as a possible alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). In select patients, balloon dilation has been advocated as a relatively safe procedure with comparable efficacy to traditional ESS.

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak from the optic canal.

Objective: To present a case of successful repair of a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak in a previously unreported anatomic site.

Methods: Retrospective chart review.

Results: A 48-year-old woman developed a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak from the optic nerve sheath and underwent a multilayer endoscopic closure with no damage to the optic nerve.

Evidence that human papillomavirus causes inverted papilloma is sparse.

Background: Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma as it relates to the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV). The purpose of this report is to describe the prevalence of HPV in nondysplastic, "early inverted papilloma" and to summarize HPV detection rates in the general population and in other HPV related neoplasia.

Methods: This case series report characterizes consecutive inverted papilloma patients from January 2005 to August 2012 with regard to smoking history, dysplasia, and HPV detection rates.

Recalcitrant rhinosinusitis, innate immunity, and mannose-binding lectin.

Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a protein produced by the liver that participates in innate immunity by tagging the surface of microbes for opsonization. Mannose-binding lectin deficiency is present in 7% of the population and has been implicated in recurrent respiratory tract infections in children. Mannose-binding lectin deficiency has not been explored in rhinosinusitis but is associated with increased mortality in adult pneumococcal infection.

An update on attitudes and use of image-guided surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare 2010 access to, usage of, and attitudes toward image-guided surgery (IGS) for endoscopic sinus surgery and anterior skull-base surgery to those in 2005.

Methods: A mail survey of American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members was performed in January 2010. Results were compared to results from the same survey mailed in January 2005.