Defining Normal Enthesis Stiffness Range in A Healthy Adult Population.

Objectives: This study explores the correlation between volunteer demographics with enthesis stiffness and intra and inter -observer agreements using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods: 98 healthy volunteers were recruited. SWE was performed on quadriceps, suprapatellar, infrapatellar, and Achilles entheses.

Investigation of breast cancer molecular subtype in a multi-ethnic population using MRI.

Objectives: Accurate subtyping of breast cancer is crucial for its diagnosis, management, and prognostication. This study aimed to determine the association of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) breast features with the molecular subtype and aggressiveness of breast cancer in a multi-ethnic population.

Methods: Treatment-naive patients with invasive breast carcinoma were included in this retrospective study.

Automated Quality Control Solution for Radiographic Imaging of Lung Diseases.

: Radiography is an essential and low-cost diagnostic method in pulmonary medicine that is used for the early detection and monitoring of lung diseases. An adequate and consistent image quality (IQ) is crucial to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective patient management. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'s remote and automated quality control (QC) methodology, which has been tested in multiple imaging centers.

In silico analysis reveals the prospects of renal anisotropy in improving chronic kidney disease detection using ultrasound shear wave elastography.

Renal anisotropy is a complex property of the kidney and often poses a challenge in obtaining consistent measurements when using shear wave elastography to detect chronic kidney disease. To circumvent the challenge posed by renal anisotropy in clinical settings, a dimensionless biomarker termed the 'anisotropic ratio' was introduced to establish a correlation between changes in degree of renal anisotropy and progression of chronic kidney disease through an in silico perspective. To achieve this, an efficient model reduction approach was developed to model the anisotropic property of kidneys.

Feasibility of determining external beam radiotherapy dose using LuSy dosimeter.

Introduction: Radiation dose measurement is an essential part of radiotherapy to verify the correct delivery of doses to patients and ensure patient safety. Recent advancements in radiotherapy technology have highlighted the need for fast and precise dosimeters. Technologies like FLASH radiotherapy and magnetic-resonance linear accelerators (MR-LINAC) demand dosimeters that can meet their unique requirements.

Addressing challenges in diagnostic X-ray dosimetry: uncertainties and corrections for AlO:C-based optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters.

The use of AlO:C-based optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) in diagnostic X-ray is a challenge because of their energy dependence (ED) and variability of element sensitivity factors (ESFs). This study aims to develop a method to determine ED and ESFs of Landauer nanoDot™ OSLDs for clinical X-ray and investigate the uncertainties associated with ESF and ED correction factors. An area of 2 × 2 cm at the central axis of the X-ray field was used to establish the ESFs.

Radioport: a radiomics-reporting network for interpretable deep learning in BI-RADS classification of mammographic calcification.

Generally, due to a lack of explainability, radiomics based on deep learning has been perceived as a black-box solution for radiologists. Automatic generation of diagnostic reports is a semantic approach to enhance the explanation of deep learning radiomics (DLR).In this paper, we propose a novel model called radiomics-reporting network (Radioport), which incorporates text attention.

Customised weight-based volume contrast media protocol for multiphase abdominal computed tomography.

Introduction: Multiphase computed tomography (CT) using fixed volume contrast media may lead to high radiation exposure and toxicity in patients with low body weight. We evaluated a customised weight-based protocol for multiphase CT in terms of radiation exposure, image quality and cost savings.

Methods: A total of 224 patients were recruited.

Development and characterisation of a plastic scintillator dosemeter in high-energy photon beams.

The radioluminescent (RL) dosemeter is excellent for real-time radiation measurement and can be used in various applications. A plastic scintillator is often the choice sensor because of its size and tissue equivalency. This study aims to characterise a novel plastic scintillator irradiated with high-energy photon beams.

Shear wave elastography in chronic kidney disease - the physics and clinical application.

Chronic kidney disease is a leading public health problem worldwide. The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease is nearly five hundred million people, with almost one million deaths worldwide. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, imaging such as conventional ultrasound, and histopathological findings are necessary as each technique provides specific information which, when taken together, may help to detect and arrest the development of chronic kidney disease, besides managing its adverse outcomes.

2D shear wave elastography for the assessment of quadriceps entheses-a methodological study.

Objective: To establish the scanning protocol for 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (SWE) on normal entheses by investigating the possible confounding factors that may increase the variability of measured elasticity.

Material And Methods: 30 normal quadriceps entheses were scanned using SWE to compare the stiffness and coefficient variation by changing the ultrasonic coupling gel thickness, knee position, region of interest size, and scanning plane.

Results: No significant difference in median shear wave velocity (SWV) was observed in different coupling gel thicknesses.

A Radiomics Study: Classification of Breast Lesions by Textural Features from Mammography Images.

This study investigates the feasibility of using texture radiomics features extracted from mammography images to distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions and to classify benign lesions into different categories and determine the best machine learning (ML) model to perform the tasks. Six hundred and twenty-two breast lesions from 200 retrospective patient data were segmented and analysed. Three hundred fifty radiomics features were extracted using the Standardized Environment for Radiomics Analysis (SERA) library, one of the radiomics implementations endorsed by the Image Biomarker Standardisation Initiative (IBSI).

The role of shear viscosity as a biomarker for improving chronic kidney disease detection using shear wave elastography: A computational study using a validated finite element model.

The application of ultrasound shear wave elastography for detecting chronic kidney disease, namely renal fibrosis, has been widely studied. A good correlation between tissue Young's modulus and the degree of renal impairment has been established. However, the current limitation of this imaging modality pertains to the linear elastic assumption used in quantifying the stiffness of renal tissue in commercial shear wave elastography systems.

Automatic slice thickness measurement on three types of Catphan CT phantoms.

. To develop an algorithm to measure slice thickness running on three types of Catphan phantoms with the ability to adapt to any misalignment and rotation of the phantoms..

Ultrasound shear wave elastography for the evaluation of renal pathological changes in adult patients.

Objective: Many studies have conflicting findings in using shear wave elastography (SWE) to assess renal fibrosis. This study reviews the use of SWE to evaluate pathological changes in native kidneys and renal allografts. It also tries to elucidate the confounding factors and care taken to ensure the results are consistent and reliable.

Lipid Alterations in Glioma: A Systematic Review.

Gliomas are highly lethal tumours characterised by heterogeneous molecular features, producing various metabolic phenotypes leading to therapeutic resistance. Lipid metabolism reprogramming is predominant and has contributed to the metabolic plasticity in glioma. This systematic review aims to discover lipids alteration and their biological roles in glioma and the identification of potential lipids biomarker.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Phenotypes of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive imaging modality in detecting breast cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the role of human extracted MRI phenotypes in classifying molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods: We performed a literature search of published articles on the application of MRI phenotypic features in invasive breast cancer molecular subtype classifications by radiologists' interpretation on Medline Complete, Pubmed, and Google scholar from 1st January 2000 to 31st March 2021.

The perceptions of medical physicists towards relevance and impact of artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an innovative tool with the potential to impact medical physicists' clinical practices, research, and the profession. The relevance of AI and its impact on the clinical practice and routine of professionals in medical physics were evaluated by medical physicists and researchers in this field. An online survey questionnaire was designed for distribution to professionals and students in medical physics around the world.

Evaluation of skin dose and skin toxicity in patients undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate in vivo skin dose delivered by intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and determine the factors associated with an increased risk of radiation-induced skin toxicity.

Methodology: A total of 21 breast cancer patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery and IORT, either as IORT alone or IORT boost plus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), were recruited in this prospective study. EBT3 film was calibrated in water and used to measure skin dose during IORT at concentric circles of 5 mm and 40 mm away from the applicator.

Shear Wave Elastography: A Review on the Confounding Factors and Their Potential Mitigation in Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease.

Early detection of chronic kidney disease is important to prevent progression of irreversible kidney damage, reducing the need for renal transplantation. Shear wave elastography is ideal as a quantitative imaging modality to detect chronic kidney disease because of its non-invasive nature, low cost and portability, making it highly accessible. However, the complexity of the kidney architecture and its tissue properties give rise to various confounding factors that affect the reliability of shear wave elastography in detecting chronic kidney disease, thus limiting its application to clinical trials.

Monte Carlo-based patient internal dosimetry in fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures: A review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to understand the dose estimation approaches and their major challenges. Specifically, we focused on state-of-the-art Monte Carlo (MC) methods in fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures.

Methods: All relevant studies were identified through keyword searches in electronic databases from inception until September 2020.

Semi-supervised GAN-based Radiomics Model for Data Augmentation in Breast Ultrasound Mass Classification.

Background And Objective: The capability of deep learning radiomics (DLR) to extract high-level medical imaging features has promoted the use of computer-aided diagnosis of breast mass detected on ultrasound. Recently, generative adversarial network (GAN) has aided in tackling a general issue in DLR, i.e.

Customised weight-based volume contrast media protocol in CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis examination.

Introduction: Fixed volume (FV) contrast media administration during CT examination is the standard practice in most healthcare institutions. We aim to validate a customised weight-based volume (WBV) method and compare it to the conventional FV methods, introduced in a regional setting.

Methods: 220 patients underwent CT of the chest, abdomen and pelvis (CAP) using a standard FV protocol, and subsequently, a customised 1.