Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer) causes necrotizing lesions that may lead to scarring, contractures, osteomyelitis, and even amputation. Despite decades of research, the reservoirs and modes of transmission for M. ulcerans remain obscure.

Loiasis: African eye worm.

The filarial parasite Loa loa is transmitted by Chrysops fly bites. Loiasis is endemic in rainforest areas of West and Central Africa, and sporadic cases have also been diagnosed in travellers and migrants. Whilst many infected persons are asymptomatic, microfilariae may be detected in the blood or adult worms may be seen under the skin or the sclera of the eye.