[Probable case of severe SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Legionella pneumophila co-infection].

The immunity conferred after a first SARS-CoV-2 infection and the consequent risk of persistent infection or reinfection are not fully elucidated. There are reports both in Europe and in North America of reinfection cases, recently highlighting the first case published in South America. On the other hand, reports of co-infections have been increasing, including those associated with Legionella pneumophila .

[Consolidated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Strategies- on prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination].

COVID-19 is a global public health issue due to its epidemic nature that, to date, lacks pharmacological treatment. However, some COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for emergency use, although the duration of their protection, their ability to interrupt viral transmission, and their efficacy against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 are being studied. Chile's SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign required design and planning, like any other campaign.

[Impact of the use of rings and nail polish on hand hygiene quality in healthcare workers].

Background: Health-care-associated infections are a frequent problem in hospital environments. Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to prevent outbreaks. The use of certain accessories could decrease its effectiveness, facilitating horizontal transmission of pathogens.

Host characteristics predict outcome among adult patients admitted by severe acute respiratory infection.

Background: Except for influenza pandemics, different observational studies have failed to demonstrate differences in mortality between various etiologies in adult patients hospitalized for respiratory infections.

Aim: To compare clinical and mortality differences between different viral pathogens associated with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in hospitalized adults.

Material And Methods: One-year prospective study in a sentinel center.

[Bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 carrying a region homologous to pathogenicity island VpaI-7].

We report a case of V. cholerae non-O1 / non-O139 bacteremia in an 81-year-old woman with abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, liquid stools, choluria and jaundice, while visiting a rural area without access to potable water. The identification was made by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique and subsequently the non-toxigenic non-O1 / non-139 strain was confirmed in the national reference laboratory.

[Chilean strains of clinical origin of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae carry the genes vcsN2, vcsC2, vcsV2, vspD, toxR2 y vopF from secretion system T3SS2 present in an island of pathogenicity].

Unlabelled: Backgound: The virulence factors of the Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains are not clearly known. The strain of septicemic origin NN1 Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 was sequenced previously by the Illumina platform. A fragment of the pathogenicity island VPaI-7 of V.

Chile's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (CAVEI): Evidence-based recommendations for public policy decision-making on vaccines and immunization.

A National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) provides independent, evidence-based recommendations to the Ministry of Health for immunization programmes and policy formulation. In this article, we describe the structure, functioning and work processes of Chile's NITAG (CAVEI) and assess its functionality, quality of work processes and outputs, and integration of the committee into the Ministry of Health policy process using the Assessment tool for National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups. Among its strengths, CAVEI's administrative and work plasticity allows it to respond in a timely manner to the Ministry of Health's requests and proactively raise subjects for review.

Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) from influenza in adult patients in Chile: the experience of a sentinel hospital.

Objective: To 1) describe clinical characteristics of adult patients in Chile with severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) associated with influenza viruses, and 2) analyze virus subtypes identified in specimens collected from those patients, hospital resources used in clinical management, clinical evolution, and risk factors associated with a fatal outcome, using observational data from the SARI surveillance network (SARInet).

Methods: Adults hospitalized from 1 July 2011 to 31 December 2015 with influenza-associated SARI at a SARI sentinel surveillance hospital in Santiago were identified and the presence of influenza in all cases confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using respiratory samples.

Results: A total of 221 patients (mean age: 74.

Long-term impact of competitive biddings and an antimicrobial stewardship program in a general hospital in Chile.

Background: The long-term effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and its integrated impact with competitive biddings have been seldom reported.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term effect of an ASP on antimicrobial consumption, expenditure, antimicrobial resistance and hospital mortality. To estimate the contribution of competitive biddings on cost-savings.

[Exposure to risk fluids in health personnel. Evaluation of direct costs in their management].

Background: Health personnel are exposed to accidents with blood and other potentially infectious biological fluids in their clinical practice. Management of these events has high costs that are likely to be reduced.

Aim: To give a general description of work accidents and their associated costs.

[Chikungunya, emerging disease in Latin America. Description of the first cases in Chile].

Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) was introduced in The Americas in 2013, spreading rapidly. In 2014, the first imported case was diagnosed in Chile.

Aim: To identify patients with clinical suspicion of CHIK and describe their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

[Importance of cleaning and disinfection of critical surfaces in dental health services. Impact of an intervention program].

Introduction Dental care has become a challenge for healthcare associated infection prevention programs, since the environment, within other factors, plays an important role in the transmission chain. Materials and Methods An intervention program was designed for the Dental Unit of Hospital Militar de Santiago, between years 2014 and 2015. The program contemplated 3 stages: diagnostic, intervention and evaluation stage.

[Chagas disease affecting the central nervous system in a patient with AIDS demonstrated by quantitative molecular methods].

Although infrequent, Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation is possible among patients with HIV/AIDS infection that develop a tumor-like or granulomatous lesion in the CNS. We report the case of a 60 years old male patient with HIV/AIDS and low CD4 lymphocytes count with cerebellar symptoms and mild paresis, associated to supra and infratentorial hypodense lesions and positive serology tests both to T. gondii and Trypanosoma cruzi.

[Spondylodiscitis: clinical experience in a Chilean general hospital].

Background: Spondylodiscitis (SD) involves long periods of hospitalization, diagnostic latency and risk of long-term complications. No updated series are available in Chile and a change in demographic features and etiology is suspected.

Aim: To characterize a group of patients with SD.

Is there a risk of filarial infection during long-term missions in Haiti?

Background: Haiti has the highest prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti) in the Western Hemisphere. Still, the risk of filarial infection for long-term visitors such as humanitarian aid workers or military personnel is uncertain. The presented study analyzed the exposure to W.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors of meningococcal disease: a case series study in Chile during the 2012-2013 outbreak].

Introduction: Meningococcal disease (MD) is a major global problem because of its case fatality rate and sequels. Since 2012 cases of serogroup W have increased in Chile, with nonspecific clinical presentation, high case fatality rate and serious consequences.

Objective: To characterize the evolution and outcome of MD cases between January 2012 and March 2013 in Chile.

[Severe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with parainfluenza 3 infection: Case report].

Disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an infrequent condition with considerable morbidity and mortality in adult patients. It requires a high level of suspicion and diagnosis emerges by gathering clinical information, laboratory exams and images studies. ADEM is related to an immunological phenomena occurring after a bacterial/viral infection or recent vaccination.

[Streptococcus gallolyticus (ex S. bovis) bacteremia and its relationship with colonic or hepatobiliary disease and endocarditis].

Background: Bacteremia due to Streptococcus bovis (now S. gallolyticus) has been traditionally associated to colon or hepatobiliar disease and endocarditis but there is no information on this matter in Chile.

Aims: To describe clinical features of adult patients suffering bacteremia by S.

[HIV/AIDS patients in a Critical Care Unit: The experience of a general hospital in a developing country].

Introduction And Aims: Despite general availability of HAART in Chile, admissions of HIV/AIDS patients to Intensive-Intermediate Care Units (IICU) are still happening, and a characterization of patient's profile, mortality and potentially avoidable admissions is necessary.

Methods: Observational retrospective study in one general hospital in Chile of HIV/AIDS patients admitted to IICU during 9 years.

Results: During 2005-2013, 32 patients were admitted to IICU, with 87,5% in AIDS stage, only 53,1% knew his/her condition, 43,8% were receiving HAART and 16.

[Atypical mycobacterial infections in five adult patients without evidence of immunosuppression. Making an experience].

We aim to communicate the experience gathered during the management of infections by atypical mycobacteria in immunocompetent patients in a general practice. Between 2008 and 2013, 5 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections were identified: 2 with cutaneous involvement and 3 with lung infection. None of them had evidence of immunosuppression.

[Cryptococcal infections in non-HIV infected patients: a new clinical problem in Chile].

Cryptococcal infections are classically associated to HIV/AIDS patients without therapy, but its presence among other immunosuppressed patients is less recognized. We report 3 lethal cases in non HIV-patients. Two of them presented with meningitis associated to renal transplant or corticosteroid use and, the third, with a necrotic skin infection in the context of progressive liver cirrhosis.