Transcriptomic profiling of chronic hand eczema skin reveals shared immune pathways and molecular drivers across subtypes.

Background: Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common skin disease with different subtypes, but knowledge of the molecular patterns associated with each subtype is limited.

Objective: To characterize the CHE transcriptome across subtypes.

Methods: Using RNA-sequencing, we studied the transcriptome of 220 full-thickness skin biopsies collected from palms, dorsa, and arms from 96 patients with CHE and/or atopic dermatitis (AD) and 32 healthy controls.

Atopic dermatitis and hand eczema in Danish adults: A nationwide population-based study.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema often co-occur, particularly among adults.

Objectives: To examine the interplay between AD and hand eczema in the general population, by characterising prevalence, disease severity, contact sensitization, and comorbidities in individuals with one or both conditions.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 000 randomly selected adults in the Danish general population received a questionnaire via a secure, digital mailbox linked to their civil registration number.

Hidden formaldehyde in cosmetic products.

Background: Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. Hidden formaldehyde, that is, formaldehyde in products without formaldehyde releasers, has previously been detected in cosmetic products.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the content and causes of hidden formaldehyde in leave-on cosmetic products.

Chromium and cobalt in leather: A Danish market survey.

Introduction: Leather has been a significant source of chromium (Cr) allergy in Denmark since the 1990s. More recently, cobalt (Co) allergy has been identified in leather as a source of allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives: To measure Cr and Co levels in Danish leather goods.

Contact sensitization to fragrance mix I and fragrance mix II among European dermatitis patients: A systematic review.

Background: Fragrance substances are a frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide. Fragrance exposure varies by sex, age and possibly country, influenced by cosmetic availability, environmental conditions and cultural practices.

Objectives: To systematically review and gather prevalence of sensitization to fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II) in consecutively patch tested European dermatitis patients.

Referral Pathways for Children with Atopic Diseases in Denmark.

Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and/or asthma are common. In Denmark, however, there are multiple referral pathways for these diseases in the healthcare system and they are poorly understood. To describe how children with atopic diseases navigate their way through the Danish healthcare system, a questionnaire was distributed to children aged ≤ 17 years, who were being treated for atopic diseases between August 2020 and June 2021, either by a practising specialist or a hospital department, in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Severely compromised supply of patch test allergens in Europe hampers adequate diagnosis of occupational and non-occupational contact allergy. A European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD), European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) task forces 'Contact Dermatitis' and 'Occupational Skin Disease' position paper.

Patch testing is the only clinically applicable diagnostic method for Type IV allergy. The availability of Type IV patch test (PT) allergens in Europe, however, is currently scarce. This severely compromises adequate diagnostics of contact allergy, leading to serious consequences for the affected patients.

Psychological burden, anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with hand eczema: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Living with hand eczema (HE) has been associated with impaired quality of life (QoL), having anxiety and depression but the magnitude of association is not clear.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the psychological burden in terms of anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with HE.

Methods: Several databases were systematically searched.

Recognizing and Managing Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Focus on Major Allergens.

Patch testing is the reference standard for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Identification and avoidance of culprit allergens are essential in the treatment of this disease. Each year, new allergens are identified as emerging or important.

Stratum Corneum Lipids in Non-Lesional Atopic and Healthy Skin following Moisturizer Application: A Randomized Clinical Experiment.

Introduction: It is an international standard to recommend patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) to use moisturizers; however, little is known about their effect on lipids in the stratum corneum (SC).

Methods: In this randomized clinical experiment of 30 Caucasian participants (15 with AD and 15 healthy controls), the superficial SC lipid profile was assessed through tape stripping non-lesional skin following treatment thrice daily for seven days with a moisturizer, and subsequently compared with untreated skin.

Results: No discernible disparity in superficial SC lipid quantity was evident between the AD group and the control group.

BIOSKIN: A Protocol for the Copenhagen Translational Skin Immunology Biobank and Research Programme.

Introduction: Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis are common chronic inflammatory skin diseases that have a significant impact on individuals and society.

Methods And Analysis: The Copenhagen Translational Skin Immunology Biobank and Research Programme (BIOSKIN) is a translational biobank and research study that aims to prospectively collect high-quality biological samples and clinical data from 3000 patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis over a minimum period of 5 years. The longitudinal open design allows participants to enter and leave the study at different time points depending on their disease and treatment course.

Notification of hand eczema as an occupational disease among Danish hairdressers: a national survey on patients' perception.

Objectives: Self-reported hand eczema was previously found under-reported as an occupational disease to the authorities among Danish hairdressers graduating from 1985 to 2007. This study investigates whether self-reported hand eczema among Danish hairdressers graduating from 2008 to 2018 is under-reported as an occupational disease to the authorities.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on all Danish hairdressers graduating from 2008 to 2018 was conducted.

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Topical corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammatory skin conditions due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, patients with long-lasting, non-responsive eczema have to be evaluated for a complicating contact allergy to the topical product. Clinical management of allergic contact dermatitis to corticosteroids can be challenging.

Inflammatory plasma signature of chronic hand eczema: Associations with aetiological and clinical subtypes.

Background: Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous, skin disease that encompasses different aetiological and clinical subtypes. Severe CHE without atopic dermatitis has been associated with systemic inflammation; yet it remains unknown if specific CHE subtypes leave distinct, systemic, molecular signatures.

Objectives: To characterize the inflammatory plasma signature of different aetiological and clinical CHE subtypes.

Association between atopic disease and vaccination granulomas: A nested case-control study.

Background: Vaccination granulomas are observed in 1% of all children vaccinated with an aluminium-adsorbed vaccine. Most children with granulomas also have aluminium contact allergy (CA). CA and atopic diseases are both highly prevalent among children and may be associated.

Hand eczema in Danish adolescents-Beyond atopic dermatitis.

Background: Hand eczema (HE) is a common inflammatory skin disease that may have serious consequences. The age of HE onset varies, but is estimated to be early- to mid-20s. However, very little is known about HE in childhood and adolescence.

Chronic hand eczema: A prevalent disease in the general population associated with reduced quality of life and poor overall health measures.

Background: The impact of hand eczema (HE) on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has only been sparsely studied in a general population setting, and never by use of the disease specific Quality Of Life in Hand eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ).

Objectives: To examine the HRQoL of unselected individuals with HE using the QOLHEQ. Further, to provide prevalence estimates of severe and chronic HE (CHE), and to contrast overall health related outcomes between individuals with and without HE.

Fragrance allergens in cosmetic products marketed for children in Denmark.

Background: Fragrances are among the most common contact allergens in children. Cosmetic products are the most frequent source of skin exposure.

Objective: To investigate exposure to fragrance allergens among Danish children, based on a sample of 1179 cosmetic products marketed for children.

CD4 T cells inhibit the generation of CD8 epidermal-resident memory T cells directed against clinically relevant contact allergens.

Background: CD8 epidermal-resident memory T (T ) cells play central roles in local flare-up responses to experimental contact allergens by inducing massive influx of neutrophils to the epidermis upon allergen challenge. Whether similar immunopathogenic mechanisms are involved in the responses to clinically relevant contact allergens is unknown.

Methods: The immune response to cinnamal, ρ-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) was studied in a well-established mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis that includes formation of T cells by ELISA, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy analyses and cell depletion protocols.

Adverse reactions after oral provocation with aluminium in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy.

Background: According to their parents, some children with aluminium contact allergy and vaccination granulomas may react to aluminium-containing foods by developing dermatitis, granuloma itch and subjective symptoms.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine whether oral intake of aluminium-containing pancakes can cause adverse events and/or systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy.

Patients/methods: A total of 15 children aged 3-9 years (mean age, 5 years) with vaccination granulomas and positive patch-test results to aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2%/10% pet.