Health impacts reported in the Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES).

Context: In people with spinal cord injury (SCI), infections are a leading cause of death, and there is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, which are all comorbidities associated with worse outcomes after COVID-19 infection.

Objective: To characterize self-reported health impacts of COVID-19 on people with SCI related to exposure to virus, diagnosis, symptoms, complications of infection, and vaccination.

Methods: The Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES) study was administered to ask people with SCI about their health and other experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development of the Spinal Cord Injury COVID-19 Pandemic Experience Survey (SCI-CPES).

Context: Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, rehabilitation providers received reports from people with spinal cord injury (SCI) of considerable disruptions in caregiver services, medical and nursing care, and access to equipment and supplies; concomitantly, the medical community raised concerns related to the elevated risk of acquiring the infection due to SCI-specific medical conditions. Due to the novel nature of the pandemic, few tools existed to systematically investigate the outcomes and needs of people with SCI during this emergency.

Objective: To develop a multidimensional assessment tool for surveying the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and psychological health, employment, caregiving services, medical supplies and equipment, and the delivery of medical care for people with SCI.

Pilot clinical trial of a clinical meditation and imagery intervention for chronic pain after spinal cord injury.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and potential benefits of clinical meditation and imagery (CMI) for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain.

Design: Pilot randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: Outpatients with SCI in the United States.

Barriers and Facilitators to Rehabilitation Care of Individuals With Spatial Neglect: A Qualitative Study of Professional Views.

Objective: To identify barriers and facilitators to achieving optimal inpatient rehabilitation outcome among individuals with spatial neglect (SN).

Design: Cross-sectional, semistructured focus group discussions.

Setting: Rehabilitation hospitals.

The experience of using a hospital bed alternative at home among individuals with spinal cord injury: A case series.

Objective: To inform clinicians' equipment recommendations by characterizing the experiences, skin integrity, and interface pressures in a series of recently discharged individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who chose to use an alternative adjustable bed system at home rather than a standard of care hospital bed with mattress overlay.

Design: Mixed methods, observational case series.

Setting: Community based.

Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Health Care by People With Spinal Cord Injury in the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems: A Descriptive Study.

Objective: To characterize the use of complementary and integrative health care (CIH) by people with spinal cord injury.

Design: Cross-sectional self-report study.

Setting: Participants were recruited from 5 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) centers across the United States.

Characterizing the Experience of Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury: A National Survey Project of the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Centers.

Objective: To characterize the qualities that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) associate with their experience of spasticity and to describe the relationship between spasticity and perceived quality of life and the perceived value of spasticity management approaches.

Design: Online cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Multicenter collaboration among 6 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems hospitals in the United States.

Meeting Proceedings for SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research.

The spinal cord injury (SCI) research community has experienced great advances in discovery research, technology development, and promising clinical interventions in the past decade. To build upon these advances and maximize the benefit to persons with SCI, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference February 12-13, 2019 titled "SCI 2020: Launching a Decade of Disruption in Spinal Cord Injury Research." The purpose of the conference was to bring together a broad range of stakeholders, including researchers, clinicians and healthcare professionals, persons with SCI, industry partners, regulators, and funding agency representatives to break down existing communication silos.

Advancing Rehabilitation Practice Through Improved Specification of Interventions.

Rehabilitation clinicians strive to provide cost-effective, patient-centered care that optimizes outcomes. A barrier to this ideal is the lack of a universal system for describing, or specifying, rehabilitation interventions. Current methods of description vary across disciplines and settings, creating barriers to collaboration, and tend to focus mostly on functional deficits and anticipated outcomes, obscuring connections between clinician behaviors and changes in functioning.

A Theory-Driven System for the Specification of Rehabilitation Treatments.

The field of rehabilitation remains captive to the black-box problem: our inability to characterize treatments in a systematic fashion across diagnoses, settings, and disciplines, so as to identify and disseminate the active ingredients of those treatments. In this article, we describe the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS), by which any treatment employed in rehabilitation may be characterized, and ultimately classified according to shared properties, via the 3 elements of treatment theory: targets, ingredients, and (hypothesized) mechanisms of action. We discuss important concepts in the RTSS such as the distinction between treatments and treatment components, which consist of 1 target and its associated ingredients; and the distinction between targets, which are the direct effects of treatment, and aims, which are downstream or distal effects.

The Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System: Implications for Improvements in Research Design, Reporting, Replication, and Synthesis.

Despite significant advances in measuring the outcomes of rehabilitation interventions, little progress has been made in specifying the therapeutic ingredients and processes that cause measured changes in patient functioning. The general approach to better clarifying the process of treatment has been to develop reporting checklists and guidelines that increase the amount of detail reported. However, without a framework instructing researchers in how to describe their treatment protocols in a manner useful to or even interpretable by others, requests for more detail will fail to improve our understanding of the therapeutic process.

The Importance of Voluntary Behavior in Rehabilitation Treatment and Outcomes.

Most rehabilitation treatments are volitional in nature, meaning that they require the patient's active engagement and effort. Volitional treatments are particularly challenging to define in a standardized fashion, because the clinician is not in complete control of the patient's role in enacting these treatments. Current recommendations for describing treatments in research reports fail to distinguish between 2 fundamentally different aspects of treatment design: the selection of treatment ingredients to produce the desired functional change and the selection of ingredients that will ensure the patient's volitional performance.

Group Therapy Use and Its Impact on the Outcomes of Inpatient Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: Data From Traumatic Brain Injury-Practice Based Evidence Project.

Objectives: To describe the amount and content of group therapies provided during inpatient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess the relations of group therapy with patient, injury, and treatment factors and outcomes.

Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation.

Treatment taxonomy for rehabilitation: past, present, and prospects.

The idea of constructing a taxonomy of rehabilitation interventions has been around for quite some time, but other than small and mostly ad hoc efforts, not much progress has been made, in spite of articulate pleas by some well-respected clinician scholars. In this article, treatment taxonomies used in health care, and in rehabilitation specifically, are selectively reviewed, with a focus on the need to base a rehabilitation treatment taxonomy (RTT) on the "active ingredients" of treatments and their link to patient/client deficits/problems that are targeted in therapy. This is followed by a description of what we see as a fruitful approach to the development of an RTT that crosses disciplines, settings, and patient diagnoses, and a discussion of the potential uses in and benefits of a well-developed RTT for clinical service, research, education, and service administration.

Describing what we do: a qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives on classifying rehabilitation interventions.

Objective: To gain an understanding of clinical thought processes about treatment classification and description, and to identify desired characteristics of and challenges to be addressed by a future rehabilitation treatment taxonomy.

Design: Qualitative analysis of data collected via focus groups and semistructured interviews.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation programs.

Toward a theory-driven classification of rehabilitation treatments.

Rehabilitation is in need of an organized system or taxonomy for classifying treatments to aid in research, practice, training, and interdisciplinary communication. In this article, we describe a work-in-progress effort to create a rehabilitation treatment taxonomy (RTT) for classifying rehabilitation interventions by the underlying treatment theories that explain their effects. In the RTT, treatments are grouped together according to their targets, or measurable aspects of functioning they are intended to change; ingredients, or measurable clinician decisions and behaviors responsible for effecting changes; and the hypothesized mechanisms of action by which ingredients are transformed into changes in the target.

Development of a theory-driven rehabilitation treatment taxonomy: conceptual issues.

Many rehabilitation treatment interventions, unlike pharmacologic treatments, are not operationally defined, and the labels given to such treatments do not specify the active ingredients that produce the intended treatment effects. This, in turn, limits the ability to study and disseminate treatments, to communicate about them clearly, or to train new clinicians to administer them appropriately. We sought to begin the development of a system of classification of rehabilitation treatments and services that is based on their active ingredients.

Rehospitalization in the first year of traumatic spinal cord injury after discharge from medical rehabilitation.

Objective: To determine rates of rehospitalization among discharged rehabilitation patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in the first 12 months postinjury, and to identify factors associated with rehospitalization.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Six geographically dispersed rehabilitation centers in the U.

Group therapy utilization in inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

Objective: To describe group therapy utilization in spinal cord injury (SCI) inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Six inpatient rehabilitation facilities.