Molecular Profiles of Advanced Urological Cancers in the PERMED-01 Precision Medicine Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The prognosis of advanced urological cancers (AUC) remains unfavorable, and few data are available regarding precision medicine.

Methods: the PERMED-01 prospective clinical trial assessed the impact of molecular profiling in adults with refractory advanced solid cancer, in terms of number of patients with tumor actionable genetic alterations (AGA), feasibility, description of molecular alterations, treatment, and clinical outcome. We present here those results in the 64 patients enrolled with AUC.

External validation of the computerized analysis of TRUS of the prostate with the ANNA/C-TRUS system: a potential role of artificial intelligence for improving prostate cancer detection.

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) imaging has been revolutionized by the introduction of multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) has always been considered a low-performance modality. To overcome this, a computerized artificial neural network analysis (ANNA/C-TRUS) of the TRUS based on an artificial intelligence (AI) analysis has been proposed.

Comparison Between Micro-Ultrasound and Multiparametric MRI Regarding the Correct Identification of Prostate Cancer Lesions.

Introduction: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has become the standard imaging technique for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, mpMRI pathways are depending on experience, expertise, and information transfer from radiology to urology. Micro-ultrasound (Micro-US) is a new system, using high frequency (up to 29 MHz) and high resolution (down to 75 µm) ultrasound images.

Prospective high-throughput genome profiling of advanced cancers: results of the PERMED-01 clinical trial.

Background: The benefit of precision medicine based on relatively limited gene sets and often-archived samples remains unproven. PERMED-01 (NCT02342158) was a prospective monocentric clinical trial assessing, in adults with advanced solid cancer, the feasibility and impact of extensive molecular profiling applied to newly biopsied tumor sample and based on targeted NGS (t-NGS) of the largest gene panel to date and whole-genome array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with assessment of single-gene alterations and clinically relevant genomic scores.

Methods: Eligible patients with refractory cancer had one tumor lesion accessible to biopsy.

Quantification of Immune Variables from Liquid Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Links Vδ2 γδ T Cell Alterations with Lymph Node Invasion.

The rationale for therapeutic targeting of Vδ2 γδ T cells in breast cancer is strongly supported by in vitro and murine preclinical investigations, characterizing them as potent breast tumor cell killers and source of Th1-related cytokines, backing cytotoxic αβ T cells. Nonetheless, insights regarding Vδ2 γδ T cell phenotypic alterations in human breast cancers are still lacking. This paucity of information is partly due to the challenging scarcity of these cells in surgical specimens.

Positive or close margins: reoperation rate and second conservative resection or total mastectomy?

Introduction: Reoperation after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) could be proposed for positive or close margins. Reoperation type, re-excision or mastectomy, depends on several factors in relation to patient's and tumor's characteristics. We have analyzed our breast cancer (BC) database in order to determine second and third attempts for BCS and mastectomy rates, as well as associated factors for type of surgery.

Long-term efficacy of crizotinib in a metastatic papillary renal carcinoma with MET amplification: a case report and literature review.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the 2nd most frequent histological type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 15% of all renal cell carcinoma. It has a poorer prognosis than clear cell RCC (ccRCC) with a lack of standard treatments.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 51 year old man with a metastatic pRCC (hepatic dome and left colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis) progressive after sunitinib, with a MET amplification.

MARCKS protein overexpression in inflammatory breast cancer.

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of locally-advanced breast cancer. Identification of new therapeutic targets is crucial. We previously reported MARCKS mRNA overexpression in IBC in the largest transcriptomics study reported to date.

Is negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging really able to exclude significant prostate cancer? The real-life experience.

Objectives: To evaluate the histopathological results after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients that had normal preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), in order to determine whether they had significant or insignificant disease. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of the expertise of the radiologist on the results.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively included patients who underwent RP in our centre and who had a preoperative negative mpMRI.

Inherent and Tumor-Driven Immune Tolerance in the Prostate Microenvironment Impairs Natural Killer Cell Antitumor Activity.

The field of immunotherapy for solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, has been recently focusing on therapies that can counter tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Precise quantification and characterization of the immune infiltrates in tumors is crucial to improve treatment efficacy. Natural killer (NK) cells, major components of the antitumor immune system, have never been isolated from prostate tumors, despite their suspected role in disease progression.

[A solid variant of a serous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas].

Cystic pancreatic neoplasms concern 1 to 2% of the pancreatic tumours. The serous ones are considered benign tumours but since 1989, several pancreatic serous cystadenocarcinomas (SCAC) cases have been reported. We report the case of a SCAC with a particular pattern.

Breast MR biopsy: Pathological and radiological correlation.

Purpose: To identify pathological features for sample analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-guided vaccum-assisted breast biopsy (MRIgVaBB) to optimize radio pathological correlation and identify discordant benign result.

Material And Methods: Databases of two centres were queried to identify MRIgVaBB performed between January 2009 and February 2013. A cohort of 197 women (mean age: 54.

[Adenomyoepithelioma with dominant myoepithelial contingent of the breast: A case report and literature review].

We report a case of adenomyoepithelioma with predominant myoepithelial quota, a rare tumor of the breast due to proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in a patient of 71 years. This lesion, with difficult radiological and pathological diagnosis (biopsy) in the initial stage of the treatment, should benefit from surgical resection in healthy margin. In fact, this tumor is evolving in most cases on a benin mode, but cases of local or metastatic recurrences were reported.

Highly effective NK cells are associated with good prognosis in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Clinical outcome of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) at diagnosis is heterogeneous and unpredictable; thus alternative treatments such as immunotherapy are investigated. We retrospectively analyzed natural killer (NK) cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 39 mPC patients, with 5 year-follow-up, and their correlation with time to castration resistance (TCR) and overall survival (OS). In parallel, NK functionality was carried out against prostate tumor cell lines, analyzed for the expression of NK cell ligands, to identify the receptors involved in PC recognition.

Targeted delivery of Dicer-substrate siRNAs using a dual targeting peptide decorated dendrimer delivery system.

Unlabelled: Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are emerging as novel therapeutic agents, providing competent delivery systems that are available. Dendrimers, a special family of synthetic macromolecules, represent an exciting delivery platform by virtue of their well-defined dendritic structure and unique multivalency and cooperativity confined within a nanoscale volume. Here, we report a Dicer-substrate siRNA (dsiRNA) which, when delivered using a structurally flexible triethanolamine-core poly(amidoamine) dendrimer of generation 5 as the nanocarrier, gives rise to a much greater RNAi response than that produced with conventional siRNA.

ALDH1-positive cancer stem cells predict engraftment of primary breast tumors and are governed by a common stem cell program.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) have been widely studied, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established in breast cancer. Here, we report the establishment of primary breast tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) that encompass the main diversity of human breast cancer and retain the major clinicopathologic features of primary tumors. Successful engraftment was correlated with the presence of ALDH1-positive CSCs, which predicted prognosis in patients.