Impact of social connectedness on weight loss outcomes in an online program.

Obesity is linked to many negative health consequences. While online behavioral weight loss programs (BWL) are an effective treatment for obesity, weight losses are modest. Social connectedness has been found to improve weight loss outcomes and previous findings suggests that it may be especially important for people of color.

Abdominal Obesity Genetic Variants Predict Waist Circumference Regain After Weight Loss.

Unlabelled: Although many individuals are able to achieve weight loss, maintaining this loss over time is challenging. We aimed to study whether genetic predisposition to general or abdominal obesity predicts weight regain after weight loss. We examined the associations between genetic risk scores for higher BMI and higher waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with changes in weight and waist circumference up to 3 years after a 1-year weight loss program in participants (n = 822 women, n = 593 men) from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study who had lost ≥3% of their initial weight.

Psychological resilience in older adults with type 2 diabetes from the Look AHEAD Trial.

Background: There is growing interest in identifying factors associated with healthy aging. This cross-sectional study evaluated associations of psychological resilience with factors associated with aging in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Participants were 3199 adults (72.

Uric acid as a predictor of weight gain and cardiometabolic health in the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) study.

Young adulthood is often a period of substantial weight gain increasing risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Uric acid (UA), a clinical marker of oxidative stress, is associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction in established CVD, type 2 diabetes, and CKD. Yet, few trials have examined UA as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk in young, healthy populations, particularly in the context of weight gain prevention intervention.

Affective response to physical activity as a deep phenotype in a non-randomized pilot study.

Large-scale genomic studies are beginning to identify genetic predictors of physical activity (PA). For those genetically predisposed to engage in low PA, a behavioral intervention may target a malleable factor that mediates genetic predisposition to low PA (i.e.

Impact of COVID-19 on life experiences reported by a diverse cohort of older adults with diabetes and obesity.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported life experiences in older adults with diabetes and obesity.

Methods: Participants were surveyed in 2020 regarding negative and positive impacts of the pandemic across domains of personal, social, and physical experiences. A cumulative negative risk index (a count of all reported negative impacts of 46 items) and a positive risk index (5 items) were characterized in relation to age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and multimorbidity.

Genetic Predictors of Change in Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Lifestyle Intervention: The Trans-NIH Consortium for Genetics of Weight Loss Response to Lifestyle Intervention.

Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI and WHRadjBMI), but it remains unclear whether these SNPs relate to change in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI with lifestyle intervention for weight loss. We hypothesized that polygenic scores (PS) comprised of 59 SNPs previously associated with central adiposity would predict less of a reduction in WCadjBMI or WHRadjBMI at 8-10 weeks in two lifestyle intervention trials, NUGENOB and DiOGenes, and at 1 year in five lifestyle intervention trials, Look AHEAD, Diabetes Prevention Program, Diabetes Prevention Study, DIETFITS, and PREDIMED-Plus. One-SD higher PS related to a smaller 1-year change in WCadjBMI in the lifestyle intervention arms at year 1 and thus predicted poorer response (β = 0.

Changes in the Prevalence of Symptoms of Depression, Loneliness, and Insomnia in U.S. Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Look AHEAD Study.

Objective: To evaluate changes in the prevalence of depressive symptoms, loneliness, and insomnia among older adults with type 2 diabetes from 2016 to 2020 and to assess risk factors for these conditions including demographics, multimorbidity, BMI, treatment group, and pre-coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) measure scores.

Research Design And Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of participants from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) cohort study. Data were from two assessments before COVID-19 (visit 1: April 2016-June 2018 and visit 2: February 2018-February 2020) and one assessment during COVID-19 (visit 3: July-December 2020).

Does the impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on cognitive function vary depending baseline level of frailty? An ancillary study to the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial.

Aims: To assess whether there is an opportune window when intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) benefits cognitive function.

Methods: Standardized cognitive assessments were collected following ≥8 years of either ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education (DSE) in 3708 individuals, ages 45-76 years at enrollment, with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Frailty index (FI) scores were used to group individuals at baseline into tertiles according to their age-related health status.

Loneliness Relates to Functional Mobility in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study.

Objective: Little is known about the impact of loneliness on physical health among elderly individuals with diabetes. Here, we examined the relationship of loneliness with disability, objective physical function, and other health outcomes in older individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity.

Method: Data are drawn from the Look AHEAD study, a diverse cohort of individuals (ages 61-92) with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes measured 5-6 years after a 10-year weight loss randomized, controlled trial.

Does the Impact of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Vary According to Frailty as Measured via Deficit Accumulation?

Background: Individuals are often counseled to use behavioral weight loss strategies to reduce risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether any benefits for CVD risk from weight loss intervention extend uniformly to individuals across a range of underlying health states.

Methods: The time until first occurrence of a composite of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, hospitalized angina, or CVD death was analyzed from 8 to 11 years of follow-up of 4,859 adults who were overweight or obese, aged 45-76 years with Type 2 diabetes.

Change in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Associated With Magnitude of Weight Regain 3 Years After a 1-Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Look AHEAD Trial.

Background Weight regain after weight loss is common. The impact on cardiometabolic risk factors is not well established. Methods and Results Publicly available data were analyzed from participants of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial with ≥3% initial weight loss (n=1561) during a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention and with year 4 follow-up data.

Effects of Cognitive Strategies on Neural Food Cue Reactivity in Adults with Overweight/Obesity.

Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of obesity have revealed key roles for reward-related and inhibitory control-related activity in response to food cues. This study examines how cognitive strategies impact neural food cue reactivity.

Methods: In a within-participants, block-design, fMRI paradigm, 30 participants (24 women; mean BMI = 31.

Behavioral and Cardiovascular Effects of a Behavioral Weight Loss Program for People Living with HIV.

We recently reported that a 12-week internet weight loss program produced greater weight losses than education control in overweight/obese people living with HIV (PLWH) (4.4 kg vs 1.0 kg; p < 0.

Precision behavioral medicine: Implications of genetic and genomic discoveries for behavioral weight loss treatment.

This article reviews the concept of precision behavioral medicine and the progress toward applying genetics and genomics as tools to optimize weight management intervention. We discuss genetic, epigenetic, and genomic markers, as well as interactions between genetics and the environment as they relate to obesity and behavioral weight loss to date. Recommendations for the conditions under which genetics and genomics could be incorporated to support clinical decision-making in behavioral weight loss are outlined and illustrative scenarios of how this approach could improve clinical outcomes are provided.

Comparison among criteria to define successful weight-loss maintainers and regainers in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) and Diabetes Prevention Program trials.

Given the low rates of successful weight maintenance after lifestyle-induced weight loss, it is critical to develop approaches that distinguish successful weight-loss maintainers from regainers. The aim of this study was to compare published categorization criteria that differentiate maintainers and regainers via quantitative agreement. The study used publicly available data from Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes; = 1791) and Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP; = 613) participants with ≥3% initial weight loss after lifestyle interventions and 4-y follow-up data.

The Effects of Experimental Manipulation of Sleep Duration on Neural Response to Food Cues.

Despite growing literature on neural food cue responsivity in obesity, little is known about how the brain processes food cues following partial sleep deprivation and whether short sleep leads to changes similar to those observed in obesity. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that short sleep leads to increased reward-related and decreased inhibitory control-related processing of food cues.In a within-subject design, 30 participants (22 female, mean age = 36.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Behavioral Weight Loss Program for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients.

Obesity compounds the negative health effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We conducted the first randomized trial of behavioral weight loss for HIV-infected patients (n = 40). Participants randomized to an Internet behavioral weight loss program had greater 12-week weight loss (mean, 4.

Identifying the mechanisms through which behavioral weight-loss treatment improves food decision-making in obesity.

Objectives: Behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs are the recommended treatment for obesity, yet it is unknown whether these programs change one's ability to use self-control in food choices and what specific mechanisms support such change. Using experimental economics methods, we investigated whether changes in dietary behavior in individuals with obesity following BWL are driven by one or more of the following potential mechanisms: changes in the perception of the 1) health or 2) taste of food items, and/or 3) shifting decision weights for health versus taste attributes. Therefore, we compared these mechanisms between obese participants and lifetime normal weight controls (NW) both before and after BWL.

Effect of a Long-Term Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Cognitive Function: Action for Health in Diabetes Study.

Objectives: To assess whether randomization to 10 years of lifestyle intervention to induce and maintain weight loss improves cognitive function.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting: Data obtained as part of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial (NCT00017953) and Look AHEAD Continuation study (U01 DK057136-15).

FTO genotype and weight loss: systematic review and meta-analysis of 9563 individual participant data from eight randomised controlled trials.

Objective:  To assess the effect of the FTO genotype on weight loss after dietary, physical activity, or drug based interventions in randomised controlled trials.

Design:  Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials.

Data Sources:  Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to November 2015.

Replication of the Association of BDNF and MC4R Variants With Dietary Intake in the Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objective: Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified consistent associations with obesity, with a number of studies implicating eating behavior as a primary mechanism. Few studies have replicated genetic associations with dietary intake. This study evaluates the association between obesity susceptibility loci and dietary intake.

NIH working group report-using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment.

Objective: Precision medicine utilizes genomic and other data to optimize and personalize treatment. Although more than 2,500 genetic tests are currently available, largely for extreme and/or rare phenotypes, the question remains whether this approach can be used for the treatment of common, complex conditions like obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which underlie a host of metabolic diseases.

Methods: This review, developed from a Trans-NIH Conference titled "Genes, Behaviors, and Response to Weight Loss Interventions," provides an overview of the state of genetic and genomic research in the area of weight change and identifies key areas for future research.