Supercritical water gasification of Eucalyptus grandis and related pyrolysis char: Effect of feedstock composition.

Eucalyptus grandis (E. grandis) wood and char products derived from pyrolysis of E. grandis wood, were gasified in supercritical water at 450°C - with and without the use of a homogeneous (K2CO3) and heterogeneous (Ni/Al2O3-SiO2) catalyst.

Catalytic supercritical water gasification of primary paper sludge using a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst: Experimental vs thermodynamic equilibrium results.

H2, CH4, CO and CO2 yields were measured during supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of primary paper waste sludge (PWS) at 450°C. Comparing these yields with calculated thermodynamic equilibrium values offer an improved understanding of conditions required to produce near-equilibrium yields. Experiments were conducted at different catalyst loads (0-1g/gPWS) and different reaction times (15-120min) in a batch reactor, using either K2CO3 or Ni/Al2O3-SiO2 as catalyst.

Thermodynamic modelling of supercritical water gasification: investigating the effect of biomass composition to aid in the selection of appropriate feedstock material.

A process model developed in Aspen Plus®, was used for the thermodynamic modelling of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) using a wide variety of biomass materials as feedstock. The influence of the composition of the biomass material (in terms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen content) on various performance indicators (such as gas yields, cold gas efficiency, calorific value of product gas and heat of reaction), were determined at various temperatures (600, 700 and 800°C) and biomass feed concentrations (5, 15 and 25wt.%).

Prevalence of HIV among women entering labor who accepted or declined voluntary counseling and testing.

Objective: To assess whether there was a difference in HIV seroprevalence between eligible women who declined and those who agreed to participate in a study of voluntary counseling and testing among women entering labor with unknown HIV status in South Africa.

Methods: Anonymous cord blood specimens were collected-as dried blood spots-from all women approached for participation in a cluster-randomized trial. No patient identifiers were included on the cord blood specimens.

A randomized trial of catheters of different lengths to achieve right atrium versus superior vena cava placement for continuous renal replacement therapy.

Background: The aim was to assess whether inserting a longer soft silicone short-term dialysis catheter targeting tip placement in the right atrium could improve dialyzer circuit life span compared with inserting a shorter dialysis catheter targeting tip placement in the superior vena cava.

Study Design: Randomized unblinded controlled study.

Setting & Participants: A tertiary multidisciplinary intensive care unit enrolling 100 critically ill patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Adult bronchopulmonary dysplasia: computed tomography pulmonary findings.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the structural pulmonary sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in adulthood.

Subjects And Methods: Fifty-one adult survivors (36 females and 15 males; median age 20 years) of BPD underwent high-resolution inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography of the chest. The scans were evaluated independently by two thoracic radiologists blinded to the patient's clinical details using a standardised scoring system.

Rapid intrapartum or postpartum HIV testing at a midwife obstetric unit and a district hospital in South Africa.

Objective: To compare the prepartum and postpartum feasibility and acceptance of voluntary counseling and rapid testing (VCT) among women with unknown HIV status in South Africa.

Methods: Eligible women were randomized according to the calendar week of presentation to receive VCT either while in labor or after delivery.

Results: Of 7238 women approached, 542 (7.