Spatial Transcriptomics Analysis: Maternal Obesity Impairs Myogenic Cell Migration and Differentiation during Embryonic Limb Development.

Limb muscle is responsible for physical activities and myogenic cell migration during embryogenesis is indispensable for limb muscle formation. Maternal obesity (MO) impairs prenatal skeletal muscle development, but the effects of MO on myogenic cell migration remain to be examined. C57BL/6 mice embryos were collected at E13.

Vitamin a supplementation during pregnancy in shaping child growth outcomes: A meta-analysis.

Abnormal fetal growth increases risks of childhood health complications. Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is highly accessible, but literature inconsistency regarding effects of maternal VAS on fetal and childhood growth outcomes exists, deterring pregnant women from VAS during pregnancy. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze effects of vitamin A only or vitamin A + co-intervention during pregnancy in healthy mothers (MH) or with complications (MC, night blindness and HIV positive) on perinatal growth outcomes, also assess VAS dose impacts.

Maternal Exercise Before and During Pregnancy Facilitates Embryonic Myogenesis by Enhancing Thyroid Hormone Signaling.

Maternal exercise (ME) improves fetal and offspring muscle development, but mechanisms remain to be established. Since the thyroid hormone (TH) is critical for cell differentiation during embryonic development, we hypothesized that ME elevates TH receptor (THR) signaling in embryos, which promotes embryonic myogenesis. Female mice were exercised daily on a treadmill or received a daily TH, triiodothyronine (T3) injection.

Dietary succinate supplementation to maternal mice improves fetal brown adipose tissue development and thermogenesis of female offspring.

Succinic acid widely exists in foods and is used as a food additive. Succinate not only serves as an energy substrate, but also induces protein succinylation. Histone succinylation activates gene transcription.

Effects of Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy on Perinatal Growth and Childhood Obesity Outcomes: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.

Background: Perinatal growth abnormalities program susceptibility to childhood obesity, which is further exaggerated by maternal overweight and obesity (MO) during pregnancy. Exercise is highly accessible, but reports about the benefits of maternal exercise on fetal growth and childhood obesity outcomes are inconsistent, reducing the incentives for pregnant women to participate in exercise to improve children's perinatal growth.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish evidence-based efficacy of exercise in mothers with normal weight (MNW) and MO during pregnancy in reducing the risks of perinatal growth abnormalities and childhood obesity.

Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate promotes beige adipogenesis and prevents obesity in middle-aged mice.

Aging usually involves the progressive development of certain illnesses, including diabetes and obesity. Due to incapacity to form new white adipocytes, adipose expansion in aged mice primarily depends on adipocyte hypertrophy, which induces metabolic dysfunction. On the other hand, brown adipose tissue burns fatty acids, preventing ectopic lipid accumulation and metabolic diseases.

Retinoic acid induces white adipose tissue browning by increasing adipose vascularity and inducing beige adipogenesis of PDGFRα adipose progenitors.

Formation of beige adipocytes within white adipose tissue enhances energy expenditure, which is a promising strategy to reduce obesity and prevent metabolic symptoms. Vitamin A and its bioactive metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), have regulatory roles in lipid metabolism. Here we report that RA induces white adipose tissue browning via activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling.