Increased parietal and occipital lobe gyrification predicts conversion to syndromal psychosis in a clinical high-risk cohort.

Background: Local gyrification index (lGI), indicative of the degree of cortical folding is a proxy marker for early cortical neurodevelopmental abnormalities. We studied the difference in lGI between those who do and do not convert to psychosis (non-converters) in a clinical high-risk (CHR) cohort, and whether lGI predicts conversion to psychosis.

Methods: Seventy-two CHR participants with attenuated positive symptom syndrome were followed up for two years.

Longitudinal Patterns of Cortical Atrophy on MRI in Patients With Alzheimer Disease With and Without Lewy Body Pathology.

Background And Objectives: Although Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) represent 2 different pathologies, they have clinical overlap, and there is a significant degree of co-occurrence of their neuropathologic findings. Many studies have examined imaging characteristics in clinically diagnosed patients; however, there is a relative lack of longitudinal studies that have studied patients with pathologic confirmation. We examined whether there were differences in longitudinal patterns of cortical atrophy between patients with both AD and DLB (AD/DLB) vs those with AD alone.

Deep learning improves utility of tau PET in the study of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging targeting neurofibrillary tau tangles is increasingly used in the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its utility may be limited by conventional quantitative or qualitative evaluation techniques in earlier disease states. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective in learning spatial patterns for image classification.

Methods: 18F-MK6240 (n = 320) and AV-1451 (n = 446) PET images were pooled from multiple studies.

Right parahippocampal volume deficit in an older population with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an increasingly prevalent condition among older adults and may escalate further as the general population including veterans from recent conflicts grow older. Despite growing evidence of higher medical comorbidity, cognitive impairment and dementia, and disability in older individuals with PTSD, there are very few studies examining brain cortical structure in this population. Hence, we examined cortical volumes in a cross-sectional study of veterans and civilians aged ≥50 years, of both sexes and exposed to trauma (interpersonal, combat, non-interpersonal).

Depression Is Associated With Preserved Cortical Thickness Relative to Apathy in Frontotemporal Dementia.

Objectives: To understand the differential neuroanatomical substrates underlying apathy and depression in Frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods: T1-MRIs and clinical data of patients with behavioral and aphasic variants of FTD were obtained from an open database. Cortical thickness was derived, its association with apathy severity and difference between the depressed and not depressed were examined with appropriate covariates.