Identification of purinergic system components in the venom of Bothrops mattogrossensis and the inhibitory effect of specioside extracted from Tabebuia aurea.

Snake bites are a severe problem in the countryside of Brazil and are usually attributed to snakes of the genera Bothrops, Crotalus, and Lachesis. Snake venom can release ectoenzymes and nucleotidases that modulate the purinergic system. In addition to serum therapy against snake poisoning, medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activities, such as Tabebuia aurea, is empirically applied in accidents that occur in difficult-to-access areas.

Cytogenotoxic potential and toxicity in adult (zebrafish) exposed to chloramine T.

Background: Chloramine-T (CL-T) is a synthetic sodium salt used as a disinfectant in fish farms to combat bacterial infections in fish gills and skin. While its efficacy in pathogen control is well-established, its reactivity with various functional groups has raised concerns. However, limited research exists on the toxicity of disinfection by-products to aquatic organisms.

Effect of Acrocomia aculeata Kernel Oil on Adiposity in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

The macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is native of tropical America and is found mostly in the Cerrados and Pantanal biomes. The fruits provide an oily pulp, rich in long chain fatty acids, and a kernel that encompass more than 50% of lipids rich in medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). Based on biochemical and nutritional evidences MCFA is readily catabolized and can reduce body fat accumulation.

Oxidative stability of sesame and flaxseed oils and their effects on morphometric and biochemical parameters in an animal model.

Background: Sesame and flaxseed oils, which are rich in essential n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are widely consumed. We have determined the optical behavior with respect to the quality and identity of cold-pressed sesame and flaxseed oils. The effects of these oils and their combinations on metabolic parameters in animal models were also measured.

Effects of chlorogenic acid on adenine nucleotides hydrolyzing enzyme activities and expression in platelets of rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide.

Background: The effects of chlorogenic acid (one of the major phenolic acid found in human diets) were investigated on the adenine nucleotides hydrolyzing enzymes; ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phophodiesterase (E-NPP), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), E-5'- nucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activities and expression in platelets of rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide.

Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I rats were control rats; injected with saline (CT), group II rats were injected with saline and treated with chlorogenic acid (AC), group III rats were injected with 0.

Activity of cholinesterases, pyruvate kinase and adenosine deaminase in rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica: Influences of these enzymes on inflammatory response and pathological findings.

The aim of this study was to investigate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in total blood and liver tissue; butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in serum and liver tissue; adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum and liver tissue; and pyruvate kinase (PK) in liver tissue of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica. Animals were divided into two groups with 12 animals each, as follows: group A (uninfected) and group B (infected). Samples were collected at 20 (A1 and B1;n=6 each) and 150 (A2 and B2; n=6 each) days post-infection (PI).

Oxidative stress associated with pathological lesions in the liver of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica.

The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant status and oxidative profile in serum and liver of rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and its relationship with pathological findings. Twenty-four rats were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 12 healthy rats and group B of 12 rats infected orally with 20 metacercaria of F. hepatica.

Oxidative stress and inflammatory response biomarkers in dogs with mammary carcinoma.

Mammary carcinoma is the most common cancer that affects dogs, and in many cases it leads to death. Thus, given the importance of this disease, to clarify its pathogenesis is an important measure. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the levels of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), oxidative and antioxidant status, as well as the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in dogs diagnosed with mammary carcinoma.

Effect of Uncaria tomentosa extract on purinergic enzyme activities in lymphocytes of rats submitted to experimental adjuvant arthritis model.

Background: Considering that adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model of arthritis widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents, which were taken by a large number of patients worldwide, it is of great interest to investigate the therapeutic action of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Uncaria tomentosa extract. Moreover, there are no studies demonstrating the effect of U. tomentosa on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides published so far.

Swimming training prevents alterations in ecto-NTPDase and adenosine deaminase activities in lymphocytes from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride induced hypertension rats.

Background And Method: Hypertension is accompanied by inflammatory process and purinergic system has been recognized as having an important role in modulating immune functions. Physical training is being considered one of the major lifestyle changes that contributes to the cardiovascular health as well as has an important role in regulating purinergic system. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic swimming training on lymphocytic purinergic system enzymes activities related to inflammatory process, as well as in lipid profile and classic inflammatory markers in rats that developed hypertension in response to the oral administration of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME).

Individual in vitro effects of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase in lymphocytes of broiler chickens.

The contamination of consumer food and animal feed with toxigenic fungi has resulted in economic losses worldwide in animal industries. Mycotoxins are highly biologically reactive secondary metabolites and can inhibit protein synthesis and cell multiplication. Considering the cytotoxicity of mycotoxins, this experiment was performed to determine the in vitro influence of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes of broiler chickens at different concentrations.

Alterations in the extracellular catabolism of nucleotides and platelet aggregation induced by high-fat diet in rats: effects of α-tocopherol.

The aim of this study was to assess whether α-tocopherol administration prevented alterations in the ectonucleotidase activities and platelet aggregation induced by high-fat diet in rats. Thus, we examined four groups of male rats which received standard diet, high-fat diet (HFD), α-tocopherol (α-Toc), and high-fat diet plus α-tocopherol. HFD was administered ad libitum and α-Toc by gavage using a dose of 50 mg/kg.

Adenosine levels in serum and adenosine deaminase activity in blood cells of dogs infected by Rangelia vitalii.

Ecto-adenosinedeaminase (E-ADA) plays an important role in the production and differentiation of blood cells as well as in the control of extracellular adenosine levels. Infectious diseases can influence the synthesis of new cells or cause cell destruction, as occurs in canine rangeliosis, which results in anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and/or leukopenia. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate E-ADA activity in sera, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and adenosine levels in sera samples of dogs infected by Rangelia vitalii.

Piracetam prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment and decrease of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities.

Piracetam improves cognitive function in animals and in human beings, but its mechanism of action is still not completely known. In the present study, we investigated whether enzymes involved in extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism, adenosine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are affected by piracetam in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of animals subjected to scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Piracetam (0.

E-ADA activity in serum of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activity in sera of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. We used 12 lambs divided into 2 groups; Group A had 5 healthy, non-infected animals (control) and Group B had 7 healthy animals infected with H. contortus .

Free and nanoencapsulated curcumin prevents cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and redox imbalance.

Cigarette smoke-exposure promotes neurobiological changes associated with neurocognitive abnormalities. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, have shown to be able to prevent cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment. Here, we investigated possible mechanisms involved in curcumin protection against cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and, due to its poor bioavailability, we investigated the potential of using curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNC) suspension.

E-ADA activity in lymphocytes of an experimental model of pythiosis treated with immunotherapy.

Pythiosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. Some authors have suggested the involvement of a Th2-like immune response in the infected host, which leads to extensive tissue damage. The switch from a Th2 to a Th1 response pattern is one hypothesis to explain the curative properties of immunotherapy.

An experimental model of contact dermatitis: evaluation of the oxidative profile of Wistar rats treated with free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol.

Objective: An experimental animal model of contact dermatitis (CD) was used to investigate the effects of free and nanoencapsulated clobetasol propionate on the skin and on the oxidative profile of liver tissue.

Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into six groups, each containing eight rats. The first group, control (C), was sensitized with solid vaseline.

E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities are altered in lymphocytes of patients with indeterminate form of Chagas' disease.

Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers a chronic inflammatory process in human host and purinergic system ecto-enzymes play an important role in modulating the inflammatory and immune responses. In this study, it was investigated ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase; EC 3.6.

Nitric oxide level, protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO()) level, protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and establish the association of NO() levels with the degree of parasitemia. Thirty-six male rats (Wistar) were divided into two groups with 18 animals each. Group A was not infected while Group B was intraperitoneally infected, receiving 7.

Purinergic system ecto-enzymes participate in the thromboregulation of patients with indeterminate form of Chagas disease.

Chagas disease (CD) is a chronic and endemic illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Microvascular disturbances play an important role in the progress of the disease. The purinergic signaling system participates in regulatory functions, such as immunomodulation, neuroprotection, and thromboregulation.

Increased NTPDase activity in lymphocytes during experimental sepsis.

We investigated in rats induced to sepsis the activity of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase; CD39; E.C. 3.

Trypanosoma evansi: effects of zinc and copper in experimentally infected rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a treatment using injectable zinc and copper in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. 48 rats were divided into eight groups of six animals each. Group A was composed of uninfected animals.

Curcumin protects against cigarette smoke-induced cognitive impairment and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in rats.

Cigarette smoke, a widely spread habit, is associated with a decline in cognitive function and studies have demonstrated that curcumin (Cur), an Indian spice, possesses a strong neuroprotective potential. Considering the relevance of investigating dietary compounds this study aimed to investigate the effect of Cur on memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain structures and blood of cigarette smoke-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with curcumin and cigarette smoke, once a day, 5 days each week, for 30 days.

Trypanocidal activity of human plasma on Trypanosoma evansi in mice.

This study aimed to test an alternative protocol with human plasma to control Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. Plasma from an apparently 27-year-old healthy male, blood type A+, was used in the study. A concentration of 100 mg.