Pulmonary Foreign Body Granulomatosis after Cosmetic Injection.

Introduction: We occasionally encounter irregular marginated masses discovered incidentally in young individuals. In most cases, further investigations are conducted to assess the presence of a primary malignancy, as these masses often raise suspicions of malignancy. However, rare exceptional cases leave us perplexed.

CD40 Agonists Alter the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment by Shifting the Macrophage Phenotype toward M1 and Suppress Human Pancreatic Cancer in Organotypic Slice Cultures.

Background/aims: CD40 agonists are thought to generate antitumor effects on pancreatic cancer via macrophages and T cells. We aimed to investigate the role of CD40 agonists in the differentiation of macrophages and treatment of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded surgical blocks from patients with pancreatic cancers to evaluate macrophage phenotypes and their relationship with survival.

An Orbital Venous Varix Presenting as a Strain-Induced Lower Eyelid Mass.

Orbital varix is uncommon disease entity, accounting for less than 1% of orbital tumor. Authors report a case of tumor mimicking lower eyelid varix of inferior palpebral vein induced by forced closure of the patient's eyelids. A 21-year-old female visited our institution with a complaint of eyelid mass that only appeared on frowning.

Distinct genomic profiles of gestational choriocarcinoma, a unique cancer of pregnant tissues.

Little is known about genomic alterations of gestational choriocarcinoma (GC), unique cancer that originates in pregnant tissues, and the progression mechanisms from the nonmalignant complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) to GC. Whole-exome sequencing (20 GCs) and/or single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (29 GCs) were performed. We analyzed copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in 29 GCs that exhibited androgenetic CN-LOHs (20 monospermic, 8 dispermic) and no CN-LOH (one with NLRP7 mutation).

Metachronous Development of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in a Patient with Autoimmune Pancreatitis.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare and unique type of chronic pancreatitis. The prognosis of AIP, particularly when associated with pancreatic cancer or a related malignancy, is not known. Only a few cases, where metachronous pancreas-related cancer developed during follow-up, have been reported.

Comparing attenuations of malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodule using semi-automated region of interest selection on contrast-enhanced CT.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether semi-automated region of interest (ROI) measurement of CT attenuations of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is an accurate approach in differentiating malignant from benign SPN.

Methods: Ninety cases of pathologically proven SPN were retrospectively reviewed. CT attenuations of SPN before and after contrast injection were measured using semi-automated ROI selection method.

Organotypic slice cultures of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma preserve the tumor microenvironment and provide a platform for drug response.

Background: /Objective: The conventional models currently used to evaluate various anti-tumor therapeutic agents are not sufficient for representing human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which has a unique tumor microenvironment. We aimed to produce an organotypic slice culture model from human PDA that resembles the in vivo situation and to evaluate the responses of PDA slices to established cytotoxic drugs.

Methods: PDA tissues were obtained from 10 patients who underwent pancreatic resection.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies recurrent AKT1 mutations in sclerosing hemangioma of lung.

Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is a benign tumor with two cell populations (epithelial and stromal cells), for which genomic profiles remain unknown. We conducted exome sequencing of 44 PSHs and identified recurrent somatic mutations of AKT1 (43.2%) and β-catenin (4.

Metastatic Brain Neuroendocrine Tumor Originating from the Liver.

A 67-year-old male presented with left temporal hemianopsia and left hemiparesis. A contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image revealed a 4.5×3.

Continuous Low-Dose Temozolomide Chemotherapy and Microvessel Density in Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of continuous low-dose temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy for recurrent and TMZ-refractory glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and to study the relationship between its efficacy and microvessel density within the tumor.

Methods: Thirty patients who had recurrent GBM following Stupp's regimen received TMZ daily at 50 mg/m(2)/day until tumor progression between 2007 and 2013. The median duration of continuous low-dose TMZ administration was 8 weeks (range, 2-64).

Prognostic implications of adhesion molecule expression in colorectal cancer.

Research on the expression of adhesion molecules, E-cadherin (ECAD), CD24, CD44 and osteopontin (OPN) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been limited, even though CRC is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of adhesion molecules in CRC and to determine their relationships with clinicopathologic variables, and the prognostic significance. The expression of ECAD, CD24, CD44 and OPN was examined in 174 stage II and III CRC specimens by immunohistochemistry of TMA.

HPV-Related Retroperitoneal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: A Case Report.

A 56-year-old female was referred to our hospital due to a mass measuring 5 cm in size in the left pelvic cavity, which was found incidentally during a health examination by ultrasonography. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and the mass was located at the left retroperitoneal parametrium without invasion of the uterus and ovary. The pathology report confirmed squamous cell carcinoma.

[Recurrence of multiple focal nodular hyperplasia in a young male patient].

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign hepatic tumor that is usually found in women. Diagnosis of FNH mainly depends on imaging studies such as color Doppler flow imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. It is characterized by the presence of stellate central scar and is nowadays incidentally diagnosed with increasing frequency due to advances in radiologic imaging technique.

Effects of human adipose-derived stem cells on the regeneration of damaged visceral pleural mesothelial cells: a morphological study in a rabbit model.

Objectives: Although an alveolar air leak (AAL) after pulmonary resection is a troublesome complication that diminishes a patient's quality of life and increases medical costs, current treatment and preventive methods for AAL are not effective. Therefore, we transplanted adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to the damaged visceral pleura to facilitate the regeneration of mesothelial cells and investigated the possibility of cell therapy as a treatment option for AAL.

Methods: Stem cells were isolated and cultured from discarded fat tissues that were collected after liposuction procedures.

Nodular Fasciitis of the Periorbital Area.

Nodular fasciitis is a reactive, non-neoplastic lesion that is most commonly found in the subcutaneous or superficial fascia of the extremities and trunk. Head and neck lesions are relatively uncommon and reports vary from 7% to 15% depending on the authors. Nodular fasciitis grows quickly, and shows a pleomorphic spindle cell pattern with increased mitotic activity.

A Case of Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma Arising from Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis.

Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease. This disorder is considered to be a model of antigen-driven lymphoma, which is driven either by autoantigens or by chronic inflammatory conditions. Low-grade B-cell MALT lymphoma may develop from a nonneoplastic pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorder, such as lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP).

Rectal endometriosis with invasion into lymph nodes.

Although endometriosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age, rectal endometriosis is rare and lymph node involvement by endometriosis is considered uncommon. We report a 37-year-old woman who had irregular lower abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. She was operated on with suspected rectal cancer, but the histological diagnosis was rectal endometriosis with lymph node involvement.

Diplopia as a presenting symptom in a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Distant metastasis of gastrotintestinal stromal tumors occurs in ∼50% of the cases and is usually found in the liver and peritoneum. We present a patient with diplopia which was due to a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the clivus.

A case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis presenting with scleritis in a patient with undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP) is an uncommon disorder that causes a localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater and has been reported to be infrequently associated with systemic autoimmune disorders such as Wegener's granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, Sjögren syndrome, and temporal arteritis. Here, we report a case of HCP initially presented with scleritis and headache in a patient with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). HCP was initially suspected on brain magnetic resonance imaging and defined pathologically on meningial biopsy.

Cytologic features of hydatidiform mole: a case report.

Background: Manifestation of a hydatidiform mole in a cervical cytologic specimen is extremely rare.

Case: A 52-year-old woman presented with heavy vaginal bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound scan showed a 2.

[A case of IgA kappa light chain deposition disease and combined adult Fanconi syndrome with auer rod-like intracytoplasmic inclusions in plasma cells and proximal renal tubular cells].

We report a case of IgA kappa light chain deposition disease and combined adult Fanconi syndrome with Auer rod-like intracytoplasmic inclusions in plasma cells and proximal renal tubular cells in a 54-yr-old female. Cytochemical stainings revealed a strong acid phosphatase activity of the inclusions and weak periodic acid-Schiff positivity, whereas the reactions for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase were negative. An immunostaining verified IgA-kappa inside the plasma cells.