Reprint of: A retrospective review of the impact of immunization eCare plans in community-based pharmacy setting.

Background: The Pharmacist Electronic Care (eCare) plan is an electronic documentation and billing platform that allows for exchanging and integrating pharmacy patient care information. eCare plans make it easier for pharmacists to track recommendations and referrals to both patients and providers and to bill for services.

Objectives: To determine the impact on the type and number of vaccines administered after the completion of immunization eCare plans and to examine sociodemographic differences in patients who received immunizations were documented in an eCare plan in a community-based pharmacy setting.

Community-Based Pharmacist Anticoagulation Clinic Outcomes Compared with Physician Management.

: Warfarin has many indications; however, it is the only anticoagulant that is indicated for mechanical mitral value and antiphospholipid syndrome. Management may be conducted by pharmacists in medical clinic settings. : To evaluate the percentage difference in the international normalized ratio (INR) target range when managed by a community-based pharmacist with a collaborative practice agreement (CPA) versus a physician and to analyze patient satisfaction of an anticoagulation clinic when managed by a community-based pharmacist with a CPA versus a physician.

A retrospective review of the impact of immunization eCare plans in community-based pharmacy setting.

Background: The Pharmacist Electronic Care (eCare) plan is an electronic documentation and billing platform that allows for exchanging and integrating pharmacy patient care information. eCare plans make it easier for pharmacists to track recommendations and referrals to both patients and providers and to bill for services.

Objectives: To determine the impact on the type and number of vaccines administered after the completion of immunization eCare plans and to examine sociodemographic differences in patients who received immunizations were documented in an eCare plan in a community-based pharmacy setting.

Evaluation of a team-based quality improvement initiative for influenza vaccination in an underserved population.

Background: Influenza vaccine is the most effective way to prevent influenza. However, low vaccination rates continue especially in underserved populations.

Objectives: To increase influenza vaccinations in an underserved population and to evaluate the impact of influenza vaccinations compared to previous year influenza vaccinations.

Assessing Willingness of Patients with Diabetes to Attend Pharmacist-Led Structured and Patient Specific Diabetes Self-Management Education.

The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes should participate in diabetes self-management education, however data shows that many patients do not attend educational classes. To examine the views of patients with diabetes who utilize services at an independent pharmacy in Richmond, Virginia regarding their (1) interest in attending diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) services, (2) perceptions of a pharmacist leading DSMES services, (3) willingness to pay for DSMES services, and (4) relationship between self-reported diabetes management status with their willingness to attend DSMES services. A qualitative survey was administered over five months to patients with diabetes at an independent community pharmacy in Richmond, VA.

Retention of students' knowledge of immunizations following a one-day or a five-week course.

Introduction: The American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery Certificate Program is commonly used by schools of pharmacy to train student pharmacists in immunizations. This study compared student pharmacists' knowledge retention of immunization content when the live seminar of the APhA Program was delivered as a one-day co-curricular activity or as a five-week required course. The impact of immunization experience on students' knowledge retention was a secondary objective.

Effect of text message communication on patient presentation for an influenza vaccination in a community-based pharmacy setting.

Background: Community pharmacies use text message communications for information regarding approaching refills and fill status. Patients can also be notified regarding annual influenza vaccine availability and schedule an appointment for the vaccine.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether text message communications affected patient presentation and resulted in a percent increase of patients receiving an influenza vaccine compared with previous vaccine season and to determine whether additional vaccines are administered upon presentation.

The Impact of a Digital Vaccine Consent Form in a Large Community Pharmacy Chain.

A large community pharmacy chain implemented a new digital platform to eliminate the need for patients to fill out a traditional vaccine consent form in the pharmacy. The new digital vaccine consent form allowed patients to complete the form online, where it was transmitted directly to the pharmacy's network. To identify the characteristics of patients who used an online digital vaccine consent form to receive vaccinations and to evaluate patient satisfaction and confidence in utilizing the digital vaccine consent form to receive pharmacy services.

Effect of community pharmacist-provided patient education of partial fill availability for acute opioid prescriptions.

Background: More than 191 million opioid prescriptions were filled in the United States during 2017, and studies have shown that patients often have leftover medication.

Objectives: To (1) measure the percentage filled as partial quantities and the percentage subsequently filled to completion; (2) determine which medications are filled as partial, completion, and full fills; and (3) identify patient reasons and demographics for partial, completion, and full fills.

Practice Description: Two pharmacies of a national community pharmacy chain in Richmond, VA.

Evaluation of patient satisfaction and perceptions of a long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication administration service in a community-based pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, restrictions, and social distancing requirements for medical offices reduced scheduling availability and increased virtual televisits by providers. COVID-19 restrictions created a barrier to health care access for patients who are being administered long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in an already vulnerable population.

Objective: To describe an LAI medication administration service at a community-based pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate patient satisfaction with the administration of LAIs by a pharmacist service in a community-based pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to compare the patient's perceptions of receiving LAIs in a community-based pharmacy with those in another setting previously used for medication administration.

Spinning the globe from west to east: A mixed-method study to examine the impact of pharmacists on immunization advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific.

Background: Global effort is key to prevent and control infections effectively. Whereas pharmacists' involvement in the immunization neighborhood, collaborative effort to meet immunization needs of the public, has reduced burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in Western countries, the impact of pharmacist-involved vaccination advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the evidence for impact of pharmacists on immunization advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific and to assess Singaporean pharmacists' experience in becoming immunizing pharmacists through the American Pharmacists Association's Pharmacy-based Immunization certificate training program.

Impact of Live Training on Medication Errors in a Community-Based Pharmacy Setting.

Objective: To compare community-based pharmacy medication errors before and after a one-hour live interactive training session for both pharmacists and technicians.

Methods: A one group pre-post intervention design study was conducted in 20 community-based pharmacies in a district of a large national community pharmacy chain. A one-hour live, interactive session was developed based on incident reports and medication error trends including medication error definition, ways in which medication errors occur, strategies for mitigating errors, information about human error, and methods and habits to improve patient safety.

Impact of Adherence Education and Monitoring on Community Pharmacy Performance Scores and Patient Satisfaction.

Background: Adherence, specifically to noninsulin diabetes medications, statins, and renin-angiotensin system antagonists (i.e. angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), and aliskiren), is a measure tracked by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to give Medicare Part D plans a star rating; pharmacies are impacted by these star ratings.

Perceptions and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

Background: The control of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be dependent on widespread receipt of an effective vaccine. It is important to understand patient health-related behaviors and perceptions to guide public health vaccination strategies.

Objectives: To examine perceptions of COVID-19 and vaccination beliefs, and identify predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the US.

Assessment of hemp oil-based cannabidiol use in a community-based pharmacy setting.

Background: The Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018 legalized the commercial use of hemp-based products, including cannabidiol (CBD). However, the U.S.

Evaluation of the impact of a community-based, pharmacist-led weight loss program focused on a high-protein diet on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Background: Lifestyle choices such as poor diet, physical inactivity, and smoking contribute to modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical outcomes (blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin [A1C] level, lipid profile, weight, and waist circumference) that affect CV disease and the American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Simple 7 score before and after completion of a weight loss program focusing on a high-protein, low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diet.

Practice Description: Independent pharmacy in Richmond, VA.

Impact of pharmacist counseling to enhance the accessibility of naloxone nasal spray to patients in a community pharmacy setting.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend naloxone for every high-dose opioid prescription; in 2018, only 1 naloxone prescription was dispensed for every 69 high-dose opioid prescriptions. In Virginia, strategies for creating awareness and availability include the REVIVE! training and the standing protocol for pharmacists to dispense naloxone.

Objectives: To evaluate if a proactive offer for counseling by pharmacists improves the percent change of patients who receive a prescription for naloxone nasal spray compared with the previous year's naloxone nasal spray fill history and to determine if the pharmacist's counseling affects a patient's confidence with opioid overdose and naloxone use.

Pharmacist impact on pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination rates in patients with diabetes in a national grocery chain pharmacy.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pharmacist education and intervention on pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) vaccination rates in patients with diabetes in a national grocery chain pharmacy and assess patient awareness and barriers to receiving the PPSV23 vaccine.

Methods: Prospective interventional 4-month study in 3 grocery chain pharmacies targeted patients aged between 19 years and 64 years who filled a medication for diabetes 90 days before the study period. Immunization status was verified with pharmacy records and the Virginia Immunization Information System.

Pharmacist and student pharmacist views of professional and personal well-being and resilience.

Objectives: To describe the views of pharmacists and student pharmacists regarding (1) aspects of life and experiences that provide professional and personal satisfaction and fulfillment, (2) causes of stress, and (3) needs related to maintaining satisfaction and fulfillment.

Design: A generic qualitative research design was used for collecting data from 380 pharmacists and 332 student pharmacists who wrote responses to an online survey hosted by the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) from November 17 to December 2, 2018, using standard data collection procedures applied by that organization. APhA uses its member and affiliate data files as its sampling frame and limits the number of contacts per year for each person in those files.

Community-Based Pharmacy Practice Innovation and the Role of the Community-Based Pharmacist Practitioner in the United States.

Community-based pharmacy practice is evolving from a focus on product preparation and dispensing to becoming a health care destination within the four walls of the traditional community-based pharmacy. Furthermore, community-based pharmacy practice is expanding beyond the four walls of the traditional community-based pharmacy to provide care to patients where they need it. Pharmacists involved in this transition are community-based pharmacist practitioners who are primarily involved in leading and advancing team-based patient care services in communities to improve the patient health.

The Need for Faculty Knowledge and Promotion of Postgraduate Year One Community-Based Pharmacy Residencies.

Postgraduate year one (PGY1) community-based pharmacy residency programs are intended to build upon the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) education and outcomes. The goal of the residency program is to develop community-based pharmacist practitioners with diverse patient care, leadership, and education skills. This commentary will inform faculty mentors about the history, evolution, structure, and design of PGY1 community-based pharmacy residency programs.