Assessing Willingness of Patients with Diabetes to Attend Pharmacist-Led Structured and Patient Specific Diabetes Self-Management Education.

The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes should participate in diabetes self-management education, however data shows that many patients do not attend educational classes. To examine the views of patients with diabetes who utilize services at an independent pharmacy in Richmond, Virginia regarding their (1) interest in attending diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) services, (2) perceptions of a pharmacist leading DSMES services, (3) willingness to pay for DSMES services, and (4) relationship between self-reported diabetes management status with their willingness to attend DSMES services. A qualitative survey was administered over five months to patients with diabetes at an independent community pharmacy in Richmond, VA.

Spinning the globe from west to east: A mixed-method study to examine the impact of pharmacists on immunization advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific.

Background: Global effort is key to prevent and control infections effectively. Whereas pharmacists' involvement in the immunization neighborhood, collaborative effort to meet immunization needs of the public, has reduced burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in Western countries, the impact of pharmacist-involved vaccination advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the evidence for impact of pharmacists on immunization advocacy and delivery in Asia Pacific and to assess Singaporean pharmacists' experience in becoming immunizing pharmacists through the American Pharmacists Association's Pharmacy-based Immunization certificate training program.

Impact of Live Training on Medication Errors in a Community-Based Pharmacy Setting.

Objective: To compare community-based pharmacy medication errors before and after a one-hour live interactive training session for both pharmacists and technicians.

Methods: A one group pre-post intervention design study was conducted in 20 community-based pharmacies in a district of a large national community pharmacy chain. A one-hour live, interactive session was developed based on incident reports and medication error trends including medication error definition, ways in which medication errors occur, strategies for mitigating errors, information about human error, and methods and habits to improve patient safety.

Pharmacist and student pharmacist views of professional and personal well-being and resilience.

Objectives: To describe the views of pharmacists and student pharmacists regarding (1) aspects of life and experiences that provide professional and personal satisfaction and fulfillment, (2) causes of stress, and (3) needs related to maintaining satisfaction and fulfillment.

Design: A generic qualitative research design was used for collecting data from 380 pharmacists and 332 student pharmacists who wrote responses to an online survey hosted by the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) from November 17 to December 2, 2018, using standard data collection procedures applied by that organization. APhA uses its member and affiliate data files as its sampling frame and limits the number of contacts per year for each person in those files.

Medication therapy problems and vaccine needs identified during initial appointment-based medication synchronization visits.

Objective: To characterize medication therapy problems (MTPs) and vaccines recommended and administered by pharmacists during initial appointment-based medication synchronization (ABMS) visits, in a community pharmacy setting.

Methods: A retrospective observational study evaluated comprehensive medication reviews documented by pharmacists during initial ABMS visits in 16 supermarket chain pharmacies in Central Virginia from September to December 2017. The documentation was examined to obtain patient demographics, MTPs, and recommended and administered vaccines.

Pharmacy interns' perceptions of knowledge and skills required for delivery of patient care services.

Objectives: To explore how pharmacy interns' training experiences during internship influence understanding and confidence about preparation for providing patient care services in a large community pharmacy chain.

Methods: A descriptive survey design using a census sample of the 98 pharmacy interns, aged 18 years and older, employed in 52 pharmacies of one community pharmacy chain was conducted. Training experiences influencing understanding and confidence were evaluated with the use of a 38-question survey instrument developed with a focus group of pharmacy interns and distributed via Qualtrics over a period of 12 weeks.

Decision-maker and staff perceptions of the pharmacist's role in transitions of care programs.

Objectives: To identify perceptions of decision-makers and staff at a local hospital about the pharmacist's role in transitions of care (TOC) programs.

Setting: Independent community pharmacy located inside a local community hospital.

Practice Description: Pharmacy personnel offer a bedside delivery service to hospital patients and have professional relationships with administration.

Pharmacists' comfort level and knowledge about prescribing hormonal contraception in a supermarket chain pharmacy.

Objectives: To compare community pharmacists' comfort levels and knowledge prescribing hormonal contraception before and after a training session and to identify perceived barriers and resources needed to prescribe hormonal contraception.

Methods: In this pre-post convenience sample survey study, all 350 pharmacists in the Mid-Atlantic Division of Kroger (which spans parts of Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia) were surveyed before and after a training session. The survey consisted of several sections: 1) questions rating comfort, 2) knowledge-based multiple-choice assessment questions, 3) perceptions of barriers and resources needed to prescribe hormonal contraception, and 4) demographics.

Public attitudes and beliefs about Virginia community pharmacists dispensing and administering naloxone.

Objectives: To determine awareness concerning naloxone and perceived severity of opioid overdose, to identify attitudes and beliefs concerning naloxone, and to assess perceived benefits and barriers related to naloxone dispensed and administered by community pharmacists.

Methods: The project was conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1 consisted of survey development and pretesting to identify unclear questions.

Impact of pharmacist identification of medication-related problems in a nontraditional long-term care pharmacy.

Objectives: To characterize the most common medication-related problems and interventions and to evaluate the acceptance rates of pharmacist identification of medication-related problems through percent acceptance rates of interventions in a nontraditional long-term care pharmacy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of long-term care pharmacy patients 18 years of age or older was used to evaluate pharmacist interventions from January 2014 to August 2016. Data collection included the date and type of intervention, patient demographic information (age, sex), drug class involved, physician provider type (primary care or specialist), intervention outcome, and resolution type.

The impact of an immunization check-up at a pharmacist-provided employee health screening.

Objectives: To determine which types of vaccine recommendations were accepted and acted upon by patients after an immunization check-up at a pharmacist-provided employee health screening, and to evaluate if there was a difference between influenza and non-influenza vaccines.

Design: Retrospective, observational.

Setting: Supermarket chain.

Pharmacist intervention in patient selection of nonprescription and self-care products.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential outcomes of pharmacist intervention on patient selection of nonprescription and self-care products and to evaluate patient confidence and satisfaction with the assistance of the pharmacist.

Methods: A prospective, convenience sample study was conducted at 3 locations of a national supermarket chain pharmacy in the Charlottesville, Virginia, area over 4 months. Patients were recruited for the study if they approached the pharmacy counter and requested assistance with nonprescription and self-care product selection or if the investigating pharmacists approached the patient in the self-care aisles.

Evaluating health outcomes following a pharmacist-provided comprehensive pretravel health clinic in a supermarket pharmacy.

Objectives: To evaluate health outcomes and acceptance of pharmacists' recommendations of travel health including prevalance of immunizations, sunburn, insect-borne diseases, traveler's diarrhea, and altitude sickness, and assess patient satisfaction with the pretravel health clinic.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study design.

Setting: Central Virginia, July 2011 to June 2012.

Development and implementation of a pharmacist-delivered Medicare annual wellness visit at a family practice office.

Objective: To describe the development and implementation of a pharmacist-delivered Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (MWV).

Setting: Physician-owned, private family practice office.

Practice Innovation: Pharmacist-delivered MWV.

Student pharmacists' perceptions and awareness of community pharmacy practice residency programs.

Objectives: To assess student exposure to types of pharmacy practice, evaluate awareness and perceptions of community pharmacy residencies, and identify areas of postgraduate training of interest to student pharmacists.

Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive, online survey study.

Setting: United States, January to April 2008.

The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the novel (2009) H1N1 influenza vaccine.

OBJECTIVES: 1) Assess participants' perceptions of severity, risk, and susceptibility to the novel H1N1 influenza virus and/or vaccine, vaccine benefits and barriers, and cues to action and 2) Identify predictors of participants' intention to receive the novel H1N1 vaccine. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study SETTING: Local grocery store chain and university in the central Virginia area PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of adult college students and grocery store patrons INTERVENTION: Participants filled out an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire based upon the Health Belief Model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' predictors of intention to receive the novel H1N1 vaccine RESULTS: A total of 664 participants completed a questionnaire.

Value of community pharmacy residency programs: college of pharmacy and practice site perspectives.

Objectives: To describe and compare perceptions of key informants representing U.S. colleges/schools of pharmacy and community pharmacy practice sites regarding (1) value associated with community pharmacy residency programs (CPRPs) and (2) barriers to offering CPRPs .

Implementation of a comprehensive pretravel health program in a supermarket chain pharmacy.

Objective: To describe the procedures for implementing a comprehensive pretravel health program in a supermarket chain pharmacy.

Setting: Central Virginia (Richmond, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, and Roanoke) between 2000 and 2008.

Practice Description: Ukrop's is a local supermarket chain with 29 stores, 20 of which have pharmacies.

Collaborations to facilitate success of community pharmacy practice-based research networks.

Objective: To describe the nature of the collaborations between academia and practitioners in two community pharmacy practice-based research networks (PBRNs).

Setting: Community pharmacy practice sites owned by two pharmacy chain corporations that have cooperated with two pharmacy schools for up to 10 years in research efforts.

Practice Description: A PBRN is a group of community pharmacy practice sites that are affiliated with an academic institution(s) that investigate questions related to community practice.