Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Hypertensive Patients: The Role of Major Depressive Disorder.

There is a special relationship between major depressive disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness. However, given the negative impact of excessive daytime sleepiness on life quality and cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential role played by major depressive disorder in the occurrence of this complaint for this particular subpopulation. Data from 1404 hypertensive patients recruited from the Sleep Unit's polysomnographic recordings database were analyzed.

Risk of Comorbid Insomnia Disorder Associated with Major Depression in Apneic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Given the limitations of available studies, the objective of this study was to explore the role played by current and remitted major depression in the occurrence of comorbid insomnia disorder for apneic patients. Data from 1488 apneic patients were extracted from the medical reports of polysomnographic recordings available in the database of the Sleep Laboratory. The presence of comorbid insomnia disorder in these apneic patients was defined based on the diagnostic criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group.

Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients with Major Depression: Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Insomnia Disorder, and COMISA.

In this study, the 10-year cardiovascular risk associated with comorbid sleep disorders (insomnia disorder, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and COMISA [comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea]) was investigated for patients with major depression. To enable our analysis, 607 patients with major depression were selected from the data register of the Sleep Unit. High 10-year cardiovascular risk was considered present when the Framingham Risk Score was ≥10%.

Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome on Low-Grade Inflammation in Hypertensive Patients: Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Risk.

There is evidence for a particular relationship between low-grade inflammation (LGI) and intermittent hypoxia (IH) related to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). However, despite the potential deleterious cardiovascular consequences associated with this LGI in hypertensive patients, few studies have investigated the impact of IH related to OSAS on CRP levels in this subpopulation. In total, 1404 hypertensive patients were selected retrospectively from the Sleep Laboratory database.

10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Associated with COMISA (Co-Morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea) in Hypertensive Subjects.

Due to the few studies available, this study aimed to investigate the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with COMISA (co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea) in hypertensive subjects. Clinical data of 1009 hypertensive subjects extracted from the Sleep Laboratory database were analyzed. Framingham Risk Score ≥ 10% was used as a cut-off to identify hypertensive subjects with high 10-year risk for CVD.

Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apnoeic Individuals: Role of Comorbid Insomnia Disorder.

Given the limited data available, the aim of this study was to examine the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with comorbid insomnia disorder and its specific subtypes in apnoeic individuals. Data from 1104 apnoeic individuals recruited from the database of the Erasme Hospital Sleep Laboratory were analysed. Only apnoeic individuals with a Framingham Risk Score ≥10% were included in the group at moderate-to-high 10-year CVD risk.

Cardiovascular risk associated with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) in type 2 diabetics.

Objective: In the general population, co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, despite a high prevalence of COMISA in type 2 diabetics, no study has investigated its potential implication in the negative cardiovascular outcome of this particular subpopulation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the risk of CVD associated with COMISA in type 2 diabetics.

Risk of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Associated to Major Depression in Adolescents.

Given the limited data currently available in the literature, the aim of this study was to investigate the risk of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with major depression in a large sample of adolescents. The clinical and polysomnographic data of 105 adolescents recruited from the database of the Erasme Hospital sleep laboratory were analysed. A score > 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used as cut-off for the diagnosis of EDS.

Alterations of neural network organization during REM sleep in women: implication for sex differences in vulnerability to mood disorders.

Background: Sleep plays an important role in vulnerability to mood disorders. However, despite the existence of sex differences in vulnerability to mood disorders, no study has yet investigated the sex effect on sleep network organization and its potential involvement in vulnerability to mood disorders. The aim of our study was to empirically investigate the sex effect on network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep using the effective connectivity measured by Granger causality.

Impact of number of sleep ultradian cycles on polysomnographic parameters related to REM sleep in major depression: Implications for future sleep research in psychiatry.

Given the contradictory data on REMS alterations in major depression, the aim of this study was to empirically demonstrate that based on the number of sleep ultradian cycles, it was possible to highlight different subtypes of major depression characterized by specific patterns of REMS alterations. Demographic and polysomnographic data from 211 individuals (30 healthy controls and 181 untreated major depressed individuals) recruited from the sleep laboratory database were analyzed. Major depressed individuals with sleep ultradian cycles <4 showed alterations consistent with REMS deficiency (non-shortened REM latency as well as decrease in REMS percentage, REMS duration and REMS/NREMS ratio) whereas major depressed individuals with sleep ultradian cycles >4 showed alterations consistent with REMS disinhibition (shortened REM latency as well as increase in REMS percentage, REMS duration and REMS/NREMS ratio).

Risk of resistant hypertension associated with restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements during sleep: a study on 673 treated hypertensive individuals.

Objective: Given the limited data available in the literature, the aim of this study was to examine the risk of resistant hypertension (RHT) associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) in a large sample of treated hypertensive individuals.

Methods: Demographic and polysomnographic (PSG) data from 673 treated hypertensive individuals recruited from the research database of the sleep laboratory of Erasme Hospital were analysed. After exclusion of the main causes of pseudo-resistance and secondary hypertension, RHT status was defined by the presence of an uncontrolled hypertension despite treatment with at least three antihypertensive agents (including a diuretic) from different classes in correct combination and at the highest tolerated doses or by the presence of controlled hypertension requiring the use of at least four antihypertensive agents.

Alterations of neural network organisation during rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep in major depression: Implications for diagnosis, classification, and treatment.

The aim of this study was to empirically investigate the network organisation during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) using the effective connectivity measured using the Granger causality to identify new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, classification, and potential favourable response to treatment in major depression. Polysomnographic data were analysed from 24 healthy individuals and 16 major depressed individuals recruited prospectively. To obtain the 19×19 connectivity matrix of all possible pairwise combinations of electrodes by the Granger causality method from our electroencephalographic data, we used the Toolbox MVGC multivariate Granger causality.

Sleep ultradian cycling: Statistical distribution and links with other sleep variables, depression, insomnia and sleepiness-A retrospective study on 2,312 polysomnograms.

The number of alternations between Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep in humans is usually considered to consist of 4-5 cycles of about 90 minutes duration per night. Previous studies by our group showed a normal distribution on 26 healthy human subjects. The present study retrospectively analyzes the polysomnograms of 2,312 unmedicated patients who were admitted for medical and/or psychiatric reasons in the Erasme University Hospital between 2003 and 2014.

Objective sleep alterations and long-term use of short or intermediate half-life benzodiazepine receptor agonists are risk factors for high blood pressure in individuals with insomnia: a study in 1272 individuals referred for sleep examinations.

Introduction: Given conflicting data in the literature, the aim of this study was to examine the risk of high blood pressure (HBP) associated with sleep alterations, measured during polysomnography, and long-term use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists in a large sample of individuals with insomnia.

Methods: Demographic and polysomnographic data from 1272 individuals with insomnia recruited from the research database of the sleep laboratory of Erasme Hospital were analyzed. HBP status was defined by the presence of one of the following: self-report at interview of either a physician's diagnosis or taking antihypertensive medication; or an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg at the medical examination.

Risk of high blood pressure associated with objective insomnia and self-reported insomnia complaints in major depression: A study on 703 individuals.

Background: Since few studies have investigated the risk of high blood pressure associated with objective insomnia and self-reported insomnia complaints in major depression, the aim of this study was to examine this risk in a large sample of individuals with major depression.

Methods: Data from 703 individuals with major depression recruited from the research database of the sleep laboratory of the Erasme Hospital were analysed. High blood pressure status was defined by the presence of one of the following: self-reports at interview of either a physician-diagnosis or taking antihypertensive medication; or an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg during at least two medical examinations.

Prevalence and risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in major depression: A study with 703 individuals referred for polysomnography.

Background: To date, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in major depression. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of EDS in a large sample of individuals with major depression.

Methods: Data from 703 individuals with major depression were retrospectively collected from the sleep laboratory research database of Erasme Hospital for analysis.

The sleep network organization during slow-wave sleep is more stable with age and has small-world characteristics more marked than during REM sleep in healthy men.

Sleep plays an important role in cognitive functioning. However, few studies have investigated the sleep network organization. The aim of our study was to empirically investigate the presence and the stability with age of a small-world network organization during REM and slow-wave sleep using the effective connectivity measured by the Granger causality.

Research into an Association between Anhedonia and Decreased REM Latency in Moderately to Severely Depressed Patients.

Anhedonia stands as a core symptom and potential trait marker of major depressive disorder (MDD). The importance of rapid eye movement sleep latency (REML) as a biological marker of depression has previously and repeatedly been studied. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between anhedonia and REML in moderately to severely depressed patients.

Prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in insomnia sufferers: a study on 1311 individuals referred for sleep examinations.

Background: Several studies have investigated the particular relationship between insomnia and type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in insomnia sufferers. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a large sample of insomnia sufferers.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes in Major Depression: A Study on 703 Individuals Referred for Sleep Examinations.

Background: Several studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in major depression.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a large sample of individuals with major depression.

Prevalence and risk factors of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in major depression: a observational and retrospective study on 703 subjects.

Background: Several studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in major depression. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a large sample of individuals with major depression.

Prevalence and risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in insomnia sufferers: A study with 1311 individuals.

Background: Several studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in the general population. However, few studies have investigated these in the particular subpopulation of insomnia sufferers. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in a large sample of insomnia sufferers.