A new pyrroline compound selective for I1-imidazoline receptors improves metabolic syndrome in rats.

Symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), such as insulin resistance, obesity, and hypertension, have been associated with sympathetic hyperactivity. In addition, the adiponectin pathway has interesting therapeutic potentials in MetS. Our purpose was to investigate how targeting both the sympathetic nervous system and the adipose tissue (adiponectin secretion) with a drug selective for nonadrenergic I1-imidazoline receptors (I1Rs) may represent a new concept in MetS pharmacotherapy.

Cyclic stretch-induced thrombin generation by rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the integrin αvβ3 pathway.

Aims: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation plays a pivotal role in atherothrombotic diseases. Thrombin generation at the surface of VSMCs and activation of integrin mechanotransduction pathways represent potential mechanisms. Here, we examine whether mechanical stretch increases thrombin generation on cultured rat aortic VSMCs.

Soluble TREM-like transcript-1 regulates leukocyte activation and controls microbial sepsis.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 plays a crucial role during the onset of sepsis by amplifying the host immune response. The TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) belongs to the TREM family, is selectively expressed on activated platelets, and is known to facilitate platelet aggregation through binding to fibrinogen. In this study, we show that a soluble form of TLT-1 is implicated in the regulation of inflammation during sepsis by dampening leukocyte activation and modulating platelet-neutrophil crosstalk.

Fatty acids impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation: a link between obesity and arterial stiffness in very old Zucker rats.

To analyze age-related interactions between obesity, its associated metabolic disorders, and macrocirculation, we studied large artery stiffness and fatty acid responsiveness in lean and obese Zucker rats, aged 25 (adult) and 80 weeks (very old). Systolic arterial pressure was higher in old obese than in old lean rats (178 ± 10 vs 134 ± 8 mmHg, respectively). Carotid elastic modulus-wall stress curves showed increased age-dependent arterial stiffening, which was greater in obese animals.

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor: a new link among arterial stiffness, pulse pressure, and coagulation in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To investigate in women older than 60 whether aortic stiffness or pulse pressure (PP) is associated with selected procoagulant or anticoagulant factors and to examine whether pulsatile stretch influences these factors in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro.

Methods And Results: Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid PP were studied in 123 apparently healthy postmenopausal women. PWV, PP, von Willebrand factor, and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), but not mean arterial pressure, increased with age.

Calibrated automated thrombography demonstrates hypercoagulability in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Introduction: Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) includes endothelial dysfunction and in situ thrombosis. A hypercoagulable state has also been postulated but never demonstrated. Our objective was to determine whether patients with iPAH had a hypercoagulable state using calibrated automated thrombography (CAT), a new tool to phenotype coagulation in vitro.

Neuropeptide Y in the arcuato-paraventricular pathway and diet selection in the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important brain peptides involved in feeding behavior. It influences both food choice and fluid homeostasis. The paraventricular and arcuate nuclei belong to the main pathway through which NPY stimulates carbohydrate intake.

The effect of platelet activation on the hypercoagulability induced by murine monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies.

Background: To identify the mechanisms of the hypercoagulability associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, we investigated antibody-mediated platelet activation and interference of antibodies with phospholipid-dependent reactions.

Design And Methods: We used two murine monoclonal antibodies, one against beta(2)-glycoprotein I (7F6G), the other against prothrombin (28F4). Platelet activation was assessed by phospholipid-related platelet procoagulant activity.

Hypothalamic galanin and plasma leptin and ghrelin in the maintenance of energy intake in the Brattleboro rat.

Galanin, ghrelin, and leptin are three peptides involved in feeding regulation and more particularly in fat intake. The Brattleboro (di/di) rat is a genetic model of diabetes insipidus characterized by a preference for fat when it is in a food choice situation. Here, we measured hypothalamic galanin concentrations, plasma ghrelin and leptin and dietary preferences of adult di/di Brattleboro rats, di/+ and Long-Evans controls.

Feeding response to a potent prolactin-releasing peptide agonist in lean and obese Zucker rats.

Prolactin (PRL)-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a new peptide present in the hypothalamus and in the circulation that may be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. In the present experiment, we measured it in a well-known model of obesity, the Zucker rat. We also measured the reactivity of this animal in terms of food intake after the intraperitoneal (I.

Adaptation of ghrelin levels to limit body weight gain in the obese Zucker rat.

In this study, we measured the ghrelin, leptin, and insulin variations in lean and obese Zucker fa/fa rats during the acute phase of body weight gain. At 2 months of age, plasma insulin and leptin concentrations in fa/fa rats were, respectively, 470% and 3700% higher than in lean rats (p <0.0001).

Effects of long-term ingestion of aspartame on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, plasma leptin and body weight gain and composition.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the chronic ingestion of aspartame (ASP) on brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations, plasma hormones, food intake and body fat. Two groups of male Long-Evans rats, fed on a control (C) well-balanced diet, had to drink either a 0.1% ASP solution or water for a period of 14 weeks starting at weaning.