Health, Occupational Stress, and Psychosocial Risk Factors in Night Shift Psychiatric Nurses: The Influence of an Unscheduled Night-Time Nap.

Background: Occupational stress and shift work (including night shift work) are associated with physical and psychological health consequences in healthcare providers in general and those working in psychiatric establishments in particular. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of occupational risk factors and unscheduled night-time naps on self-reported health disorders among nurses working in a French psychiatric hospital.

Methods: We performed a 12-month observational field study of experienced nurses working at Philippe Pinel Psychiatric Hospital (Amiens, France) between September 2018 and September 2019.

Functional links between thermoregulation and sleep in children with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions.

The bi-directional relationship between sleep and wake is recognized as important for all children. It is particularly consequential for children who have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) or health conditions which challenge their sleep and biological rhythms, and their ability to maintain rhythms of participation in everyday activities. There are many studies which report the diverse reasons for disruption to sleep in these populations.

Hyperthermia and Heat Stress as Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Background And Objectives: Heat stress and hyperthermia are common findings in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims. It has been suggested that thermal stress can increase the risk of SIDS directly lethal hyperthermia or indirectly by altering autonomic functions. Major changes in sleep, thermoregulation, cardiovascular function, and the emergence of circadian functions occur at the age at which the risk of SIDS peaks-explaining the greater vulnerability at this stage of development.

Skin Temperatures of Back or Neck Are Better Than Abdomen for Indication of Average Proximal Skin Temperature During Sleep of School-Aged Children.

Purpose: The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal skin temperature and whether it is possible to reduce the number of sites of measures, in order to limit the experimental effects in natural settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the most suitable single skin temperature sites for representation of average proximal skin temperature during sleep of school aged children.

Is there an accurate relationship between simple self-reported functional limitations and the assessment of physical capacity in early old age?

Study Design: Observational study.

Objective: To assess the relationship between individual self-reports and measurements of physical condition in early old age.

Background: The use of self-reported questions assessing physical limitations remains questionable in large epidemiological studies.

Distal skin vasodilation in sleep preparedness, and its impact on thermal status in preterm neonates.

Objective: Prior to sleep onset in human adults, distal body temperatures change progressively from wakefulness levels (low skin temperatures and a high core temperature) to sleep levels (high skin temperatures and a low core temperature) due to distal skin vasodilation and greater body cooling. It is not known whether this sleep preparedness exists in preterm neonates, even though sleep has a key role in neonatal health and neurodevelopment. The present study's objectives were to determine whether sleep preparedness (as observed in adults) can be evidenced in preterm neonates, and to assess repercussions on thermal stress.

Warming the premature infant in the delivery room: Quantification of the risk of hyperthermia.

Aim: The efficacy and safety of three polyethylene bags commonly used to prevent hypothermia in premature infants was assessed.

Methods: To simulate transfer from the delivery room to a secondary care unit, a thermally stable, bonneted mannequin (skin temperature: 34.4 °C) was placed in a climate chamber under different conditions: with a radiant warmer, with various polyethylene bags (open on one side, closed by a draw-string at the neck, or a "life support pouch" with several access points) or without a bag.

Use of a Polyethylene Bag to Reduce Perioperative Regional and Whole-Body Heat Losses in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates.

In the delivery room, wrapping a low-birth-weight neonate (defined as ≤2.499 g) in a polyethylene bag reduces the risk of hypothermia. However, extended use of the bag (e.

Thermal management in closed incubators: New software for assessing the impact of humidity on the optimal incubator air temperature.

Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates are nursed in closed incubators to prevent transcutaneous water loss. The RH's impact on the optimal incubator air temperature setting has not been studied.

Methods: On the basis of a clinical cohort study, we modelled all the ambient parameters influencing body heat losses and gains.

Distal skin vasodilation promotes rapid sleep onset in preterm neonates.

Although sleep is of paramount importance for preterm neonates, care of the latter in a neonatal intensive care unit does not favour sleep. Given that several studies in adults have described a 'vegetative preparedness to sleep' (in which distal skin vasodilation before lights-out promotes rapid sleep onset), we looked at whether or not this process operates in preterm neonates. Sleep propensity was assessed in terms of the duration of a spontaneous episode of wakefulness (W).

Additional double-wall roof in single-wall, closed, convective incubators: Impact on body heat loss from premature infants and optimal adjustment of the incubator air temperature.

Radiant heat loss is high in low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates. Double-wall or single-wall incubators with an additional double-wall roof panel that can be removed during phototherapy are used to reduce Radiant heat loss. There are no data on how the incubators should be used when this second roof panel is removed.

Does exposure to a radiofrequency electromagnetic field modify thermal preference in juvenile rats?

Some studies have shown that people living near a mobile phone base station may report sleep disturbances and discomfort. Using a rat model, we have previously shown that chronic exposure to a low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) was associated with paradoxical sleep (PS) fragmentation and greater vasomotor tone in the tail. Here, we sought to establish whether sleep disturbances might result from the disturbance of thermoregulatory processes by a RF-EMF.

Is the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency waves on human skin perfusion non-thermal?

Objective: To establish whether SkBF can be modified by exposure to the radiofrequency waves emitted by a mobile phone when the latter is held against the jaw and ear.

Methods: Variations in SkBF and Tsk in adult volunteers were simultaneously recorded with a thermostatic laser Doppler system during a 20-minute "radiofrequency" exposure session and a 20-minute "sham" session. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory reserve was assessed with a heat challenge at the end of the protocol.

Effects of chronic exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on energy balance in developing rats.

The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on the control of body energy balance in developing organisms have not been studied, despite the involvement of energy status in vital physiological functions. We examined the effects of chronic RF-EMF exposure (900 MHz, 1 V m(-1)) on the main functions involved in body energy homeostasis (feeding behaviour, sleep and thermoregulatory processes). Thirteen juvenile male Wistar rats were exposed to continuous RF-EMF for 5 weeks at 24 °C of air temperature (T a) and compared with 11 non-exposed animals.

Assessment of radiant temperature in a closed incubator.

In closed incubators, radiative heat loss (R) which is assessed from the mean radiant temperature (Tr) accounts for 40-60% of the neonate's total heat loss. In the absence of a benchmark method to calculate Tr--often considered to be the same as the air incubator temperature-errors could have a considerable impact on the thermal management of neonates. We compared Tr using two conventional methods (measurement with a black-globe thermometer and a radiative "view factor" approach) and two methods based on nude thermal manikins (a simple, schematic design from Wheldon and a multisegment, anthropometric device developed in our laboratory).

Sleep structure and feeding pattern changes induced by the liver's thermal status in the rat.

Given the liver's importance in controlling metabolic homeostasis in mammals, we sought to establish (i) whether the thermal status of this organ was involved in the link between sleep, thermoregulation and food intake and (ii) how the hypothalamic structures affect the functional interactions between processes involved in regulation of the body's energy balance. In 10 freely moving rats, the liver was heated artificially to and maintained at set-point temperatures of 39.5, 40.

Are benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts an accurate biomarker of long-term in utero exposure to smoking?

Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. In view of concerns about underreporting, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-DNA adducts could be used to provide information about long-term in utero exposure to smoking but have not previously been used with samples from neonates. This study aimed to verify whether B[a]P-DNA adducts could accurately assess tobacco smoke exposure during fetal life.

Why wrapping premature neonates to prevent hypothermia can predispose to overheating.

Wrapping low-birth-weight neonates in a plastic bag prevents body heat loss. A bonnet can also be used, since large amounts of heat can be lost from the head region, but may provide too much thermal insulation, thus increasing the risk of overheating. We assessed the time required to reach warning body temperature (t38 degrees C), heat stroke (t40 degrees C), or extreme value (t43 degrees C) in a mathematical model that involved calculating various local body heat losses.

In utero exposure to smoking and peripheral chemoreceptor function in preterm neonates.

Objective: We aimed to assess the involvement of peripheral chemoreceptor tonic activity in the ventilatory pattern during sleep in preterm neonates exposed in utero to maternal smoking.

Patients And Methods: Peripheral chemoreceptor activity was measured at thermoneutrality in neonates (postmenstrual age: 36.1 +/- 1.

The influence of in utero exposure to smoking on sleep patterns in preterm neonates.

Background: In utero exposure to smoking is known to adversely affect brain regions involved in behavioral state organization and could therefore interact with the neurophysiological development of neonates.

Study Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of prenatal smoking exposure on sleep patterns in the preterm neonate.

Design: Overnight sleep patterns were polysomnographically assessed at thermoneutrality.

Influence of thermal drive on central sleep apnea in the preterm neonate.

Background: The incidence of apnea in neonates depends on a number of factors, including sleep state and thermoregulation.

Objective: To assess the role of thermal drive (body heat loss [BHL]) in the mechanisms underlying short episodes of central apnea during active and quiet sleep in neonates.

Material And Method: Twenty-two neonates (postconceptional age: 36.

Relationship between functional residual capacity and oxygen desaturation during short central apneic events during sleep in "late preterm" infants.

Apneic episodes are frequent in the preterm neonate and particularly in active sleep (AS), when functional residual capacity (FRC) can be decreased. Furthermore, FRC may be inversely correlated with the speed of blood-O(2)-desaturation. We evaluated the potential involvement of FRC in the mechanisms responsible for blood-O(2)-desaturation during short central apneic events (>3 s) in "late-preterm" infants and analyzed the specific influence of sleep state.

A reproducible means of assessing the metabolic heat status of preterm neonates.

The aim of the present study was to validate the measurement of metabolic heat production using partitional calorimetry (PC) in preterm neonates exposed to a near-thermoneutral environment in an incubator. In order to reduce experimental uncertainty (due to the different variables involved in the calculation of body heat exchanges between the infant and the environment), the mean radiant temperature and the heat transfer coefficients for convection, radiation and evaporation were measured using a multisegment, anthropometric thermal mannequin which represents a small-for-gestational-age neonate (body surface area: 0.150 m2; simulated birth weight: 1500 g).

Ventilatory response to a hyperoxic test is related to the frequency of short apneic episodes in late preterm neonates.

Chemoreception is frequently involved in the processes underlying apnea in premature infants. Apnea could result from a decrease in carotid body effectiveness. However, increased carotid body activity could also initiate apnea through hypocapnia following hyperventilation when the receptors are stimulated.