Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and CD 31 expressions in chronic periodontitis patients before and after surgery.

Aim Of The Study: The present study investigated the hypothesis that upregulation of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) expression may be associated with upregulation of endothelial cell activitiy, which is common for periods of periodontal bone loss in chronic periodontitis.

Material And Methods: RANKL expression of activated cells in soft tissue biopsies with CD 31 activity and the presence of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were assessed in chronic periodontitis patients. Biopsies from 17 patients and 10 healthy subjects were immunohistochemically analyzed.

Ridge augmentation and maxillary sinus grafting with a biphasic calcium phosphate: histologic and histomorphometric observations.

Objectives: This retrospective study reports on histologic and histomorphometric observations performed on human biopsies harvested from sites augmented exclusively by biphasic calcium phosphate [BCP: hydroxyapatite (HA)/ tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 60/40] and healed for a minimum of 6 months.

Materials And Methods: Five patients benefited from three augmentation regimens (i.e.

Minimally invasive flap surgery and enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis: case report.

Localized aggressive periodontitis is a distinct entity of periodontal disease and is characterized by deep vertical bony defects that typically affect the first molars and incisors of young patients. Therapy is usually aimed at reducing the pathogenic microflora through scaling and root planing and the administration of systemic antibiotics. However, conservative periodontal therapy may result in reparative wound healing with limited regeneration of the lost tissues.

Stimulation of osteoblasts with Emdogain increases the expression of specific mineralization markers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enamel matrix derivative on mRNA expression of markers related to periodontal healing.

Study Design: Murine osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown for 12 and 16 days in mineralization media and stimulated with 100 microg/mL Emdogain (EMD). Cell cultures treated with 2% and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) served as control.

Cytobiocompatibility of collagen and ePTFE membranes on osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

In guided bone regeneration (GBR), a semipermeable membrane is placed over an osseous defect to create a secluded environment in which bone formation can proceed without ingrowth of connective tissue cells from the overlaying soft tissue. Although the cell-occlusive property of GBR membranes appear to be essential to new bone formation, the role of transmembrane tissue fluid diffusion is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree to which diffusion across commonly used GBR membranes can support functional properties of osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

Enamel matrix derivative induces connective tissue growth factor expression in human osteoblastic cells.

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) stimulates the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which has been suggested to play a role in mediating the effects of EMD in periodontal tissue regeneration. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a mediator of TGF-beta and promotes cell development. The interaction between EMD and CTGF is unknown.

Controlled-delivery chlorhexidine chip versus amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Subgingival application of chlorhexidine via a controlled-delivery device (CHX chip) improves the clinical outcome of scaling/root planing (SRP) in therapy for chronic periodontitis. Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is commonly treated with SRP and adjunctive antimicrobial medication. To date, the efficacy of CHX chips in GAP therapy has not been evaluated.

Timing affects the clinical outcome of adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy for generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Background: Systemic antibiotics improve the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients exhibiting severe periodontitis. This study evaluated the influence of timing of adjunctive systemic antibiotics in the sequence of periodontal therapy.

Methods: Two cohorts of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and treated by SRP, adjunctive antibiotics, and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) were analyzed retrospectively.

Influence of periodontal therapy on the regulation of soluble cell adhesion molecule expression in aggressive periodontitis patients.

Background: Inflammatory periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulating cell adhesion molecules (CAM) (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], and E-selectin) have been suggested as potential candidate markers of endothelial dysfunction, which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of CAM in subjects with severe periodontitis and the influence of periodontal intervention on systemic CAM levels are not clear.

Amelogenin expression in long bone and cartilage cells and in bone marrow progenitor cells.

The amelogenin protein is considered as the major molecular marker of developing ectodermal enamel. Recent data suggest other roles for amelogenin beyond structural regulation of enamel mineral crystal growth. Here we describe our novel discovery of amelogenin expression in long bone cells, in cartilage cells, in cells of the epiphyseal growth plate, and in bone marrow stromal cells.

Effects of an enamel matrix derivative on human osteoblasts and PDL cells grown in organoid cultures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate cellular effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in human derived, primary osteoblasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells grown in organoid cultures.

Study Design: Cell replication was assessed by BrdU-incorporation. [(3)H]-proline incorporation was measured to determine the synthesis of proline-containing proteins, such as collagen.

Calprotectin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptides in peri-implant and gingival crevicular fluid.

In a previous study on guided bone augmentation, a new collagen membrane was compared with an e-PTFE one on 28 partially edentulous patients who received 50 dental implants at stage 2 surgery. After implant integration and subsequent loading, we were able to recruit 22 patients with 22 implants and their contra-lateral corresponding teeth for longitudinal observation. Clinical parameters probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), assessment of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PCF) volumes and periapical radiographs were performed at 2- and 3-year control appointments.

In vitro attachment of osteoblasts on contaminated rough titanium surfaces treated by Er:YAG laser.

Microbial contamination of implant surfaces inhibits formation of new osseous tissues. Biocompatibility of sandblasted large grid (SLA) surface, after previous in vitro cocultivation with Porphyromonas gingivalis and concomitant Er:YAG laser irradiation of microorganisms, was tested by attachment of newly cultured osteoblasts. A total of 36 customized titanium cubes with SLA surface were placed into human osteoblast culture for 14 days.

Amelogenin, a major structural protein in mineralizing enamel, is also expressed in soft tissues: brain and cells of the hematopoietic system.

The amelogenin protein is considered as the major molecular marker of developing and mineralizing ectodermal enamel. It regulates the shape, size, and direction of growth of the enamel mineral crystallite. Recent data suggest other roles for amelogenin beyond regulation of enamel mineral crystal growth.

Gingival crevicular fluid levels of calprotectin and myeloperoxidase during therapy for generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Background: Levels of the inflammation marker calprotectin in gingival crevicular fluid correspond to clinical and biochemical parameters of periodontal inflammation. Neutrophil granulocytes (polymorphonuclear neutrophils: PMNs) are supposed to be the main source of calprotectin in gingival crevicular fluid, but evidence is still lacking. The influence of periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of calprotectin has not yet been determined.

Coverage of Miller class I and II recession defects using enamel matrix proteins versus coronally advanced flap technique: a 2-year report.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate a comparison of the coronally advanced flap procedure with or without the use of enamel matrix proteins in the treatment of recession defects.

Methods: This 2-year study was conducted as a blinded, split-mouth, placebo-controlled, and randomized design. Thirty patients from two dental schools with two paired buccal recession defects were chosen.

Moderate effect of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain Gel) on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth in vitro.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the antibacterial effects of Emdogain Gel or its constituents on the growth of the suspected periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Study Design: The effects of the proteins of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), the commercial product Emdogain Gel or its vehicle propylene glycol alginate (PGA) (Straumann, Switzerland) on P. gingivalis growth were determined by two methods: broth dilution assay (BDA) and agar diffusion assay (ADA).

Immediate substitution of central incisors with an unusual enamel paraplasia by a newly developed titanium implant: a case report.

The replacement of incisors with an unfavorable hard and soft tissue environment in the maxilla can be a challenging procedure in terms of esthetic outcome. The present report describes the replacement of two hopeless central incisors by newly developed titanium implants (TE Implant, Straumann) for immediate placement. This type of implant was chosen to compensate for the natural esthetics, which became compromised because of periodontitis and an unusual root anatomy.

Simvastatin promotes cell metabolism, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells.

Background: Simvastatin is one of the cholesterol lowering drugs. Recent studies demonstrated that it has a bone stimulatory effect. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are believed to play an important role in periodontal regeneration; that is, they may differentiate into specific cells which make cementum, bone, and attachment apparatus.

[Critical assessment of microbiological diagnostics in periodontal diseases with special focus on Porphyromonas gingivalis].

Periodontitis is caused by an opportunistic infection with pathogenic microorganisms of the oral biofilm. In this paper, we discuss the usefulness of microbial diagnostics with respect to the differential diagnosis or the treatment approaches of periodontal diseases. Several diagnostic techniques, based on morphological, enzymatic, cultural, genetic or antigenetic properties have been established to analyze the microbial flora.

The accuracy of individual self-reported items to determine periodontal disease history.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of self-reported periodontal disease and symptoms to predict periodontal disease history in a German population. We analysed data from 246 patients who answered a self-administered questionnaire on self-perceived periodontal disease and self-reported symptoms of periodontal disease. Actual periodontal status was assessed from panoramic radiographs and periodontal disease was defined as > or = 3 teeth with radiographic alveolar bone loss (ABL) > 5 mm (prevalence 39%).

Porphyromonas gingivalis strain-dependent activation of human endothelial cells.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important bacterium involved in periodontal diseases. Colonization by periodontopathogens has been associated with severe local inflammatory reactions in the connective tissue. In this study we characterized P.

Effects of enamel matrix derivative on proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on proliferation, protein synthesis, and mineralization in primary mouse osteoblasts.

Study Design: Osteoblasts were obtained from mouse calvaria by enzymatic digestion and grown in monolayer together with EMD (2-100 microg/ml). Metabolic activity and cell proliferation were determined by tetrazolium salt assay (MTT) and by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation.

The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effect of cigarette smoking upon gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) in a large representative sample of the United States population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III).

Methods: Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to model bleeding on probing of 141,967 mesio-buccal sites in 12,385 individuals with complete case records on all covariates. Adjustments were made for age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of missing teeth, tooth type/jaw, root caries, full crown coverage, socioeconomic status (poverty/income ratio), and survey characteristics.