Publications by authors named "Jean-Philippe Roy"

Microbial infections of the mammary gland often cause mastitis, and it can lead to substantial economic losses within the dairy industry due to its direct negative impact on milk production and composition and the associated treatment costs. Somatic cell count has emerged as a critical indicator in monitoring udder health, and recently, the large-scale availability of differential cell count analysis potentially offers new insights into underlying physiological processes. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to estimate the variation of DSCC and SCC of individual quarter-level milk samples of cows according to 1) their intramammary infectious status; 2) parity of the cow; 3) quarter location; and 4) DIM at the time of sampling.

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Mastitis, an inflammation of the udder primarily caused by an intramammary infection, is one of the most common diseases in dairy cattle. Somatic cell count (SCC) has been widely used as an indicator of udder inflammation, assisting in the detection of subclinical mastitis. More recently, differential somatic cell count (DSCC), which represents the combined proportion of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, has become available for routine dairy milk screening, though it was not yet widely studied.

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Mastitis poses significant economic challenges for dairy farms. Therefore, enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic methods for detecting intramammary infections (IMI) can potentially improve prevention, control and treatment strategies. The somatic cell count (SCC) is a well-established parameter for identifying inflammation resulting from IMI.

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The first objective of this study was to quantify the impact and disability weight (DW) of frequent diseases or syndromes of pre-weaned dairy calves using the perceptions of producers and veterinarians. The second objective was to compare the opinions of producers and veterinarians regarding the impact and DW of dairy calves' frequent diseases and syndromes. A survey was conducted to obtain demographic information and opinions of 39 dairy producers and 52 veterinarians on the impact of frequent disease and syndromes on calf health.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health worldwide and is threatening not only humans, but also animal production systems, including dairy farms. The objective of this paper was to describe risks factors associated with AMR on dairy farms in Québec, Canada. This observational cross-sectional study included 101 commercial dairy farms and took place over a one-year period between the spring of 2017 and the spring of 2018.

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Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. It has a high impact on-farm economy, farmers' working time, and antimicrobial usage (AMU). Selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) is an effective means of reducing AMU without negatively affecting udder health.

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The diagnosis of infectious diseases at herd level can be challenging as different stakeholders can have conflicting priorities. The current study proposes a "proof of concept" of an approach that considers a reasonable number of criteria to rank plausible diagnostic strategies using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. The example of Salmonella Dublin diagnostic in Québec dairy herds is presented according to two epidemiological contexts: (i) in herds with no history of S.

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The global food animal industry faces a growing concern regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), primarily driven by the use of antimicrobials (AM) for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases. Addressing this challenge requires promoting responsible antimicrobial use (AMU) practices. In 2019, the province of Québec, Canada, took a significant step by implementing a regulation that limits the use of AM of very high importance for human medicine (category I AM as defined by Health Canada) in the food animal industry.

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Background: DNA methylation has been documented to play vital roles in diseases and biological processes. In bovine, little is known about the regulatory roles of DNA methylation alterations on production and health traits, including mastitis.

Results: Here, we employed whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing to profile the DNA methylation patterns of milk somatic cells from sixteen cows with naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus (S.

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Our objective was to assess potassium monopersulfate as a disinfectant used in footbath to control digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cows. We hypothesized that a potassium monopersulfate solution would control DD. A 180-day randomized negative controlled trial was conducted in a 265-Holstein free-stall facility.

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Antimicrobial resistance can be effectively limited by improving the judicious use of antimicrobials in food production. However, its effect on the spread of AMR genes in animal populations is not well described. In the province of Québec, Canada, a new legislation implemented in 2019 has led to an unprecedented reduction in the use of critical antimicrobials in dairy production.

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Article Synopsis
  • - **Overview of Study Purpose**: The study evaluated the impact of the Trial in AKI using NGAL and Fluid Overload to optimize CRRT Use (TAKING FOCUS 2; TF2) on personalizing fluid management and initiating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • - **Methods and Patient Follow-Up**: It involved a prospective follow-up of 286 ICU patients from July 2017, employing automated renal angina index (RAI) assessments and urinary biomarker uNGAL to guide CRRT initiation based on fluid accumulation.
  • - **Results and Findings**: Post-TF2 implementation, patients experienced a shorter median time
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  • * The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in dairy cattle and analyze the resistance patterns of isolates using data collected from farms across Canada between 2019 and 2021.
  • * A total of 113 Salmonella isolates were identified, with 23 different serovars found; the most common were Infantis and Typhimurium, and 21% of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, particularly tetracycline.
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subsp. (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic, contagious, and incurable enteric disease of ruminants. An in-house IS PCR assay validated for MAP detection in sheep has been shown to have a higher sensitivity than a commercial PCR and fecal culture.

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As clinical mastitis (CM) treatments are responsible for a large portion of antimicrobial use on dairy farms, many selective CM treatment protocols have been developed and evaluated against a blanket treatment approach of CM cases. Selective treatment protocols use outcomes of diagnostic tests to exclude CM cases from antimicrobial treatment when they are unlikely to benefit. To tailor interventions to increase uptake of selective treatment strategies, a comprehension of current on-farm treatment practices and factors affecting treatment decisions is vital.

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Background: Tubulointerstitial lesions and glomerular inflammation severity have been shown to correlate with proteinuria in children with IgA nephropathy (cIgAN). However, there is a lack of data regarding severity of histopathologic findings in cIgAN in patients with minimal to absent proteinuria since kidney biopsy indications are not well defined in these cases.

Methods: Twenty-eight cIgAN patients with kidney biopsy from 4 different centers in Paris (France) and Montreal (Canada) with a urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCr) ≤ 0.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on the role of DNA methylation in subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus chromogenes (SC), a common pathogen on dairy farms.
  • - Using advanced sequencing and bioinformatics, researchers compared DNA methylation patterns and gene expression in milk somatic cells from cows with SCM and healthy cows, identifying thousands of differentially methylated sites and their relationship to immune functions.
  • - The findings suggest that DNA methylation changes could regulate responses related to SCM and serve as potential biomarkers for mammary health and production in dairy cows.
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  • * A study analyzing milk somatic cells of infected cows revealed over 4,000 genes that were expressed differently between infected and healthy cows, highlighting key immune responses and processes related to disease.
  • * A specific gene module (Turquoise) was significantly associated with subclinical mastitis and included genes linked to immune functions, suggesting these genes might play a crucial role in how cows defend against S. aureus infections.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals, including dairy cattle, is a significant concern for animal and public health worldwide. In this study, we used data collected through the Canadian Dairy Network for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Resistance (CaDNetASR) to: (1) describe the proportions of AMR in fecal E. coli, and (2) investigate the relationship between antimicrobial use (AMU) (intramammary and systemic routes, while accounting for confounding by other variables) and AMR/multidrug resistance (MDR - resistance to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes) in fecal E.

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Severe clinical mastitis is a frequent disease of dairy cattle. An effective mean of predicting survival despite treatment would be helpful for making euthanasia decisions in poor prognosis cases. The objective was to develop a nomogram for prediction of death or culling in the 60 days following a severe mastitis episode in dairy cows at first veterinary visit in farm settings.

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With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many countries are implementing restrictive regulations to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. Although these measures are effective at the national level, their implementation may generate challenges for producers and veterinarians. The objective of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a new regulation restricting the use of antimicrobials of very high importance for human health in the dairy production sector in the province of Québec, Canada.

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