Higher Plasma -Inositol in Pregnancy Associated with Reduced Postpartum Blood Loss: Secondary Analyses of the NiPPeR Trial.

We previously reported that a combined -inositol, probiotics, and enriched micronutrient supplement (intervention) taken preconception and in pregnancy reduced postpartum blood loss (PBL) and major postpartum hemorrhage compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), as secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR trial. This study aimed to identify the intervention components that may contribute to this effect. Associations of plasma concentrations of -inositol and vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D at preconception (before and after supplementation), early (~7-weeks), and late pregnancy (~28-weeks) with PBL were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for site, ethnicity, preconception BMI, parity, and previous cesarean section.

Magnesium stable isotope composition, but not concentration, responds to obesity and early insulin-resistant conditions in minipig.

Hypomagnesemia is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and generally correlates with unfavorable disease progression, but the magnesium status in pre-diabetic conditions remains unclear. Here, the magnesium metabolism is scrutinized in a minipig model of obesity and insulin resistance by measuring variations of the metallome-the set of inorganic elements-and the magnesium stable isotope composition in six organs of lean and obese minipigs raised on normal and Western-type diet, respectively. We found that metallomic variations are most generally insensitive to lean or obese phenotypes.

A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Whole-Body Protein Balance Compared with a Macronutrient-Matched Refined-Grain Diet.

Background: There are limited data from randomized control trials to support or refute the contention that whole-grains can enhance protein metabolism in humans.

Objectives: To examine: ) the clinical effects of a whole-grain diet on whole-body protein turnover; ) the cellular effects of whole-grains on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells; and ) the population effects of whole-grain intake on age-related muscle loss.

Methods: Adults with overweight/obesity ( = 14; age = 40 ± 7 y; BMI = 33 ± 5 kg/m) were recruited into a crossover, randomized controlled trial (NCT01411540) in which isocaloric, macronutrient-matched whole-grain and refined-grain diets were fully provisioned for two 8-wk periods.

Body composition assessment in children with inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison of different methods.

Aim: To assess different techniques to measure body composition in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a reference method. We hypothesised that a three-compartment model may demonstrate superiority over other methods as skinfold thickness equations and bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Methods: Body composition was assessed using skinfold thickness equations, bioelectrical impedance analysis and the three-compartment model.

Determination of magnesium isotopic ratios of biological reference materials via multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Despite a wide range of potential applications, magnesium (Mg) isotope composition has been so far sparsely measured in reference materials with a biological matrix, which is important for the quality control of the results. We describe a method enabling the chemical separation of Mg in geological and biological materials and the determination of its stable isotope composition.

Methods: Different geological (BHVO-1, BHVO-2, BCR-1, and IAPSO) and biological (SRM-1577c, BCR-383, BCR380R, ERM-CE464, DORM-2, DORM-4, TORT-3, and FBS) reference materials were used to test the performance of a new sample preparation procedure for Mg isotopic analysis.

A ketogenic drink improves cognition in mild cognitive impairment: Results of a 6-month RCT.

Introduction: Counteracting impaired brain glucose metabolism with ketones may improve cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Cognition, plasma ketone response, and metabolic profile were assessed before and 6 months after supplementation with a ketogenic drink containing medium chain triglyceride (ketogenic medium chain triglyceride [kMCT]; 15 g twice/day; n = 39) or placebo (n = 44).

Results: Free and cued recall (Trial 1; P = .

Mineral and Amino Acid Profiling of Different Hematopoietic Populations from the Mouse Bone Marrow.

Steady hematopoiesis is essential for lifelong production of all mature blood cells. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) found in the bone marrow ensure hematopoietic homeostasis in an organism. Failure of this complex process, which involves a fine balance of self-renewal and differentiation fates, often result in severe hematological conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma.

Plasma and urinary inositol isomer profiles measured by UHPLC-MS/MS reveal differences in scyllo-inositol levels between non-pregnant and pregnant women.

Previous studies support that myo- and D-chiro-inositol isomers are promising bioactives for the treatment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and for lowering the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women, whereas scyllo-inositol may have some benefits for neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease).

Multielemental Analysis of Low-Volume Samples Reveals Cancer-Specific Profile in Serum and Sorted Immune Cells.

We developed and validated a reliable, robust, and easy-to-implement quantitative method for multielemental analysis of low-volume samples. Our ICP-MS-based method comprises the analysis of 20 elements (Mg, P, S, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, I, Cs, and Ba) in 10 μL of serum and 12 elements (Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn Se, Br, Rb, Mo, and Cs) in less than 250 000 cells. As a proof-of-concept, we analyzed the elemental profiles of serum and sorted immune T cells derived from naı̈ve and tumor-bearing mice.

Total and activity-induced energy expenditure measured during a year in children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission remain lower than in healthy controls.

Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with growth retardation due to malnutrition. However, knowledge on total energy expenditure (TEE), active-induced energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity remains limited in children with IBD.

Objective: Assessment of TEE using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry, and physical activity level using the actigraph GT3X+ in children with IBD (in remission) and healthy controls.

Metabolism of Exogenous D-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, an Energy Substrate Avidly Consumed by the Heart and Kidney.

There is growing interest in the metabolism of ketones owing to their reported benefits in neurological and more recently in cardiovascular and renal diseases. As an alternative to a very high fat ketogenic diet, ketones precursors for oral intake are being developed to achieve ketosis without the need for dietary carbohydrate restriction. Here we report that an oral D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (D-BHB) supplement is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in humans and increases blood ketones to millimolar levels.

A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear.

Methods: In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.

Vegan and Animal Meal Composition and Timing Influence Glucose and Lipid Related Postprandial Metabolic Profiles.

Scope: Flexitarian dieting is increasingly associated with health benefits. The study of postprandial metabolic response to vegan and animal diets is essential to decipher how specific diet components may mediate metabolic changes.

Methods And Results: A randomized, crossover, controlled vegan versus animal diet challenge is conducted on 21 healthy participants.

Effects of protein quantity and type on diet induced thermogenesis in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Protein content of a meal is hypothesized to drive DIT dose-dependently. However, no single meal study exists comparing two different doses of protein on DIT. In addition, the source of protein, particularly whey protein, was shown to have a higher DIT than casein and soy in the acute setting, however the mechanism behind this difference is not yet clear.

Time course of fractional gluconeogenesis after meat ingestion in healthy adults: a DO study.

In the postprandial state, glucose homeostasis is challenged by macronutrient intake, including proteins that trigger insulin secretion and provide glucose precursors. However, little is known about the postprandial response of gluconeogenesis to a protein meal. We aimed to quantify the evolution of fractional gluconeogenesis after a meat meal.

A whole-grain diet reduces peripheral insulin resistance and improves glucose kinetics in obese adults: A randomized-controlled trial.

Background: Whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes but the mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that a WG diet reduces insulin resistance and improves glucose use in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes compared with an isocaloric-matched refined-grain diet.

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial of 14 moderately obese adults (Age, 38 ± 2 y; BMI, 34.

A 48-Hour Vegan Diet Challenge in Healthy Women and Men Induces a BRANCH-Chain Amino Acid Related, Health Associated, Metabolic Signature.

Scope: Research is limited on diet challenges to improve health. A short-term, vegan protein diet regimen nutritionally balanced in macronutrient composition compared to an omnivorous diet is hypothesized to improve metabolic measurements of blood sugar regulation, blood lipids, and amino acid metabolism.

Methods And Results: This randomized, cross-over, controlled vegan versus animal diet challenge is conducted on 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants.

Urinary metabolic insights into host-gut microbial interactions in healthy and IBD children.

Aim: To identify metabolic signatures in urine samples from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) children.

Methods: We applied liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling to identify and quantify bile acids and host-gut microbial metabolites in urine samples collected from 21 pediatric IBD patients monitored three times over one year (baseline, 6 and 12 mo), and 27 age- and gender-matched healthy children.

Results: urinary metabolic profiles of IBD children differ significantly from healthy controls.

Postexercise Dietary Protein Ingestion Increases Whole-Body Leucine Balance in a Dose-Dependent Manner in Healthy Children.

Protein ingestion is important in enhancing whole-body protein balance in children. The effect of discrete bolus protein ingestion on acute postexercise recovery has yet to be determined. This study determined the effect of increasing doses of ingested protein on postexercise whole-body leucine balance in healthy, active children.

A Whole-Grain Diet Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Increased dietary whole-grain intake may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of whole grains compared with refined grains on body composition, hypertension, and related mediators of CVD in overweight and obese adults.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial in 40 overweight or obese men and women aged <50 y with no known history of CVD.

Urinary Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Differences in the Metabolic Status of Healthy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Children in Relation to Growth and Disease Activity.

Background: Growth failure and delayed puberty are well known features of children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in addition to the chronic course of the disease. Urinary metabonomics was applied in order to better understand metabolic changes between healthy and IBD children.

Methods: 21 Pediatric patients with IBD (mean age 14.

A high-throughput method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake.

Plasma alkylresorcinols are increasingly analyzed in cohort studies to improve estimates of whole grain intake and their relationship with disease incidence. Current methods require large volumes of solvent (>10 ml/sample) and have relatively low daily sample throughput. We tested five different supported extraction methods for extracting alkylresorcinols from plasma and improved a normal-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer method to reduce sample analysis time.

The effect of acute dark chocolate consumption on carbohydrate metabolism and performance during rest and exercise.

Consumption of cocoa-enriched dark chocolate (DC) has been shown to alter glucose and insulin concentration during rest and exercise compared with cocoa-depleted control (CON). However, the impact of DC consumption on exercise metabolism and performance is uncertain. Therefore, we investigated carbohydrate metabolism via stable isotope tracer techniques during exercise after subjects ingested either DC or CON.