Relationship Between Nocturnal Intraocular Pressure Variations and Sleep Macrostructure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationships between nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) variations and sleep macrostructure in healthy subjects.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a center with shared expertise in chronobiology. Twelve healthy volunteers (22.

Progression of visual field in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma - ProgF study 1.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual field rate of progression of patients with treated ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in clinical practice, using the mean deviation (MD) and the visual field index (VFI).

Methods: Non-interventional cohort study. From a large multicentre database representative of the French population, 441 eyes of 228 patients with treated OHT or POAG followed up at least 6 years with Humphrey 24.

The impacts of blended learning design in first year medical studies.

In the first year of medical studies in France, students prepare for a highly selective entrance exam limited by numerus clausus into the second year. We have discontinued live lectures, made maximum use of new information and communication technologies and introduced tutorials in an attempt to make the first year more equitable and to personalise teaching. The reform is based on blended learning with flipped classroom organized into a four-week cycles of different activities.

Association of Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Consequences for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening and Treatment.

Importance: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and its influence on second eye involvement is not well known.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of OSAS in patients with NAION and risk factors of second eye involvement.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, we examined 118 patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy referred to a tertiary care center from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2010.

Multifocal electroretinogram in birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To characterize multifocal electroretinogram parameters in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy consecutively included from 2006 to 2011 were matched to 27 healthy subjects for age, axial length, and lens status. Multifocal electroretinogram was prospectively evaluated using the Vision Monitor system.

A case-control study to assess aspirin as a risk factor of bleeding in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemorrhagic risk factors during the management of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).

Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two patients with (n = 74) or without (n = 248) bleeding (anterior segment, choroidal, intravitreal and/or subretinal) during or after RD surgery were included in this case-control study. Exclusion criteria were: history of trauma, vitreoretinal surgery, diabetic retinopathy, and taking clopidogrel and/or a vitamin K antagonist.

Hourly awakening vs continuous contact lens sensor measurements of 24-hour intraocular pressure: effect on sleep macrostructure and intraocular pressure rhythm.

Importance: All studies of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm conducted to date have used repeated IOP measurements requiring nocturnal awakenings, potentially disturbing sleep macrostructure.

Objective: To evaluate the effects on sleep architecture and IOP rhythm of hourly awakening vs a contact lens sensor (CLS) to continuously monitor IOP without awakening.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional study at a referral center of chronobiology among 12 young healthy volunteers, with a mean (SD) age of 22.

Long-term reproducibility of diurnal intraocular pressure patterns in patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term reproducibility of diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) patterns in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Design: Database study.

Participants: Ninety-two patients with POAG.

Anterior segment biometry using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To compare the anterior chamber and anterior chamber angle measurements obtained with spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and time-domain AS-OCT.

Methods: The anterior chamber of healthy participants was imaged with spectral-domain AS-OCT (Casia SS-1000; Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and time-domain AS-OCT (Visante; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance at 500 and 750 μm (AOD 500 and AOD 750), trabecular iris space area at 500 and 750 μm (TISA 500 and TISA 750), and scleral spur angle were measured.

Structure-function relationships with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head measurements.

Purpose: To evaluate the regional structure-function relationship between visual field sensitivity and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) measurements using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study conducted on patients with glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, and healthy subjects. Eyes were tested on Cirrus OCT and standard achromatic perimetry.

Twenty-four-hour rhythm of ocular perfusion pressure in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

Purpose: In non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAAION) patients, circulatory insufficiency within the optic nerve has previously been hypothesized to be related to nocturnal systemic hypotension. The main objective of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the nyctohemeral variations in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in NAAION patients.

Methods: In 20 patients with NAAION, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using the Tono-Pen XL(™) electronic tonometer every hour for 24 hr.

Principles and applications of molecular biology techniques for the microbiological diagnosis of acute post-operative endophthalmitis.

The systematic microbiological evaluation of endophthalmitis allows the confirmation of the infectious nature of the disease and the possible adaptation of treatment at the individual level and, at the collective level, the epidemiological characterization of the bacterial spectrum of endophthalmitis. Long reserved for research, the use of molecular biology techniques to complement conventional culture techniques has become important for the diagnosis of endophthalmitis in recent years. These new diagnostic techniques are particularly useful for the microbiological study of bacteria that are difficult or impossible to grow because of their intrinsic properties, their presence in only a small inoculum, their sequestration on prosthetic materials, or their inactivation by prior antibiotic treatment.

Continuous response of optic nerve head blood flow to increase of arterial blood pressure in humans.

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of increased ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) on optic nerve head (ONH) hemodynamics.

Methods: In 21 healthy subjects, the increase in arterial blood pressure (BP), measured continuously using a pneumatic transcutaneous sensor, was produced by isometric exercise consisting of 2 minutes of hand-gripping. ONH blood flow parameters-namely the velocity (Vel), number (Vol), and flux (F) of red blood cells-were measured using the laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF).

Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with the Reichert Pt100, the Keeler Pulsair Intellipuff portable noncontact tonometers, and Goldmann applanation tonometry.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using 2 portable tonometers, the Keeler Pulsair Intellipuff and the Reichert PT100, with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Materials And Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on normotensive and hypertensive patients recruited from the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of Grenoble. IOP was measured using 2 portable noncontact tonometers (NCTs) and GAT in one eye of each patient in a random order.

24-hour intraocular pressure rhythm in young healthy subjects evaluated with continuous monitoring using a contact lens sensor.

Importance: This study evaluates a new device that has been proposed to continuously monitor intraocular pressure (IOP) over 24 hours.

Objective: To evaluate 24-hour IOP rhythm reproducibility during repeated continuous 24-hour IOP monitoring with noncontact tonometry (NCT) and a contact lens sensor (CLS) in healthy participants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional study of 12 young healthy volunteers at a referral center of chronobiology.

Effect of overnight wear of the Triggerfish(®) sensor on corneal thickness measured by Visante(®) anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of overnight wear of the Triggerfish(®) contact lens sensor (CLS) on central corneal thickness (CCT) using the Visante(®) anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were studied in a sleep laboratory. An ophthalmic examination including ultrasonic CCT, corneal topography, specular microscopy and AS-OCT CCT was performed.

Comparative prospective study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in phakic or pseudophakic patients with high myopia.

Purpose: To compare the anatomical and functional results of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic phakic or pseudophakic eyes.

Methods: This prospective 2-center study included 191 consecutive eyes (151 phakic and 40 pseudophakic eyes) from a prospective cohort of 835 patients (IRB #5891, between 2004 and 2008). Baseline and follow-up data were systematically recorded at presentation, 1 month, and 6 months or more after surgery.

24-hour intraocular pressure of young healthy humans in supine position: rhythm and reproducibility.

Purpose: We evaluated the supine 24-hour IOP rhythm reproducibility over 6 weeks in healthy humans.

Methods: Six healthy young male subjects underwent six 24-hour sessions of IOP measurements over a 6-week period. Subjects were housed in a sleep laboratory in a constant controlled supine position and in a strictly controlled environment.

[Towards a pedagogical e-learning approach to improve preparation for medical school curriculum in Grenoble: results over the 10 last years].

Introduction: Before 2005, at Grenoble, the teaching of the first year of medicine satisfied neither the students, nor the teachers anxious to exempt a correctly targeted effective teaching.

Methods: By 2006, the Grenoble-native teaching method was reformed in-depth with the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. Each sequence was over 4 weeks connecting: self- learning using multi-media resources, questions submitted online, meetings with teaching staff for interactive question-answer sessions in the presence of the teacher,) tutorials animated by older students for Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) training in preparation for the exams.

Intraocular pressure-lowering combination therapies with prostaglandin analogues.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is currently the only therapeutic approach demonstrated to preserve visual function in patients with glaucoma. The first line of glaucoma treatment consists of topical IOP-lowering medications, usually initiated as monotherapy. A significant proportion of patients require more than one medication to reach a target IOP at which optic nerve damage will not progress.