Mirror writing of digits: Is there a difference between boys and girls?

The neurological process of mirror generalization in memory, also known as mirror symmetrization, presents a real dilemma for typically developing 5- to 6-year-olds when learning to write characters (digits and letters). Should they write the digit 3 oriented to the left, that is correctly, or to the right, which leads to its mirror image ε? It has been anecdotally suggested that boys are more prone to mirror-writing than girls, but there is no scientific evidence for this idea. The present article gathers data from 691 children in the upper section of the French école maternelle (age between 5 and 6 ½), who each wrote the digits 0 to 9 four times under dictation and not necessarily in their natural order.

Preventing the Development of Dyslexia: A Reply to Mather.

Because reading/writing is a fundamental tool for children's development, the main failure in its learning-developmental dyslexia-gives rise to many attempts to remediate. A recent remedy proposed by Mather (2022), published in Skills [129(3), p. 468], is impressive through its radical nature and the extent of its consequences.

Boy's math performance, compared to girls', jumps at age 6 (in the ELFE's data at least).

The mathematics achievement discrepancy between girls and boys, with its subsequent occupational consequences, is an issue that has received considerable attention in the literature. It is often referred to as the 'math-gap' and favours boys. A major component of the explanation of this gap resides in determining its age of onset.

Are differences between social classes reduced by non-symbolic numerical tasks? Evidence from the ELFE cohort.

Background: Young children's mathematics abilities may be divided between symbolic and non-symbolic skills. Lower performance of SES disadvantaged versus advantaged children has already been established in symbolic math.

Aim: This study aimed to verify the effect of children's SES category on non-symbolic mathematical (numerical) performance.

Mirror writing in 5- to 6-year-old children: The preferred hand is not the explanation.

Non-pathological, spontaneous mirror writing, whether complete or partial, has long been associated with writing with the left hand and attributed to the fact that abductive writing, which most people find easier, is from right to left when people write with their left hand. However, recent research suggests another explanation: children who do not know the orientation of the letters and digits may apply an implicit right-writing rule which causes them to invert mainly left-oriented characters (e.g.

Digit reversal in children's writing: a simple theory and its empirical validation.

This article presents a simple theory according to which the left-right reversal of single digits by 5- and 6-year-old children is mainly due to the application of an implicit right-writing or -orienting rule. A number of nontrivial predictions can be drawn from this theory. First, left-oriented digits (1, 2, 3, 7, and 9) will be reversed more frequently than the other asymmetrical digits (4, 5, and 6).

Mirror writing of digits and (capital) letters in the typically developing child.

Typically developing 5- to 6-year-old children often reverse some digits (e.g., ɛ for 3) or single (capital) letters (e.