[Towards more informed consent: Making information understandable].

In clinical research and care, information notices are too often reduced to complicated and hard-to-understand mandatory documents. However, every person has the right to transparent and truthful information. These considerations prompted the creation of a multidisciplinary working group in the fall of 2020, headed by the College des relecteurs de l'Inserm.

Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the risk of secondary leukaemia after a solid tumour in childhood.

The aim of this study was to determine the therapy-related risk factors for the occurrence of leukaemia after childhood solid cancer. Among 4204 3-year survivors of a childhood cancer treated in eight French and British centres before 1986, 11 patients developed leukaemia as a second malignant neoplasm (SMN). Compared with the leukaemia incidence in the general French and British populations, the standardised incidence ratio (SIR) of leukaemia was 7.

A proposal for an international retinoblastoma staging system.

Background: Although intra-retinal tumor has long been staged presurgically according to the Reese-Ellsworth (R-E) system, retinoblastoma differs from other pediatric neoplasms in never having had a widely accepted classification system that encompasses the entire spectrum of the disease. Comparisons among studies that consider disease extension, risk factors for extra-ocular relapse, and response to therapy require a universally accepted staging system for extra-ocular disease.

Procedure: A committee of retinoblastoma experts from large centers worldwide has developed a consensus classification that can encompass all retinoblastoma cases and is presented herein.

[The adolescent confronted with cancer].

In developed countries, adolescent death rate is under 1%, predominantly due to accidents. Amongst chronic diseases cancer has a prevalent role. A severe disease plays against the normal subjectivation and autonomization adolescent process.

Malignant breast tumors after radiotherapy for a first cancer during childhood.

Purpose: To assess the specific role of treatment and type of first cancer (FC) in the risk of long-term subsequent breast cancer (BC) among childhood cancer survivors.

Patients And Methods: In a cohort of 1,814 3-year female survivors treated between 1946 and 1986 in eight French and English centers, data on chemotherapy and radiotherapy were collected. Individual estimation of radiation dose to each breast was performed for the 1,258 patients treated by external radiotherapy; mean dose to breast was 5.

Outcome of second malignancies after retinoblastoma: a retrospective analysis of 25 patients treated at the Institut Curie.

Retinoblastoma is usually curable in developed countries. The morbidity and mortality of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma is still threatened by the occurrence of secondary tumours. Between 1971 and 1988, 427 patients with retinoblastoma were treated in the ophthalmologic, paediatric and radiotherapy departments of the Institut Curie.

Radiation dose, chemotherapy and risk of soft tissue sarcoma after solid tumours during childhood.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most frequent second primary cancer that occurs during the first 20 years following treatment for a solid cancer in childhood. Our aim was to quantify the risk of STS as a second malignant neoplasm and to investigate its relationship with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A cohort study of 4,400 3-year survivors of a first solid cancer diagnosed during childhood in France or the United Kingdom, between 1942 and 1985, was followed 15 years on average.

Correlation of early metastatic response by 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy with overall response and event-free survival in stage IV neuroblastoma.

Purpose: Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), specifically taken up in cells of sympathetic origin, provides a highly sensitive and specific indicator for the detection of metastases in neuroblastoma. The aim of this study was to correlate early response to therapy by MIBG scan, using a semiquantitative scoring method, with the end induction response and event-free survival (EFS) rate in stage IV neuroblastoma.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-five children older than 1 year and with stage IV neuroblastoma had 123I-MIBG scans at diagnosis, after two and four cycles of induction therapy, and before autologous stem-cell transplantation.

Cadherins in Wilms' tumor: E-cadherin expression despite absence of WT1.

Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 16q occurs in 17-25% of Wilms' tumors. Two cadherin genes mapping to 16q22 were chosen as candidate gens: E-CAD, encoding epithelial cadherin, because it is involved in kidney development and it was recently reported to be a WT1 target; and KSP-CAD because it encodes a kidney-specific cadherin. By RT-PCR analysis in a series of 39 Wilms' tumors, we identified a very low expression of E-CAD and KSP-CAD in 72% and 95% of the tumors, respectively.

Changes in WT1 splicing are associated with a specific gene expression profile in Wilms' tumour.

Wilms' tumour (WT) or nephroblastoma is the most frequent kidney cancer in children. In a previous study, we reported alterations to WT1 transcription in 90% of WT tested, with decreased exon 5 +/- isoform ratio being the most frequent alteration (56% of WT). We now report an approach based on cDNA profiling of tumour pools to identify genes likely to be dysregulated in association with a decreased WT1 exon 5 +/- ratio.

Chemothermotherapy in the management of retinoblastoma.

Objective: To evaluate the results of chemothermotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Design: Non-comparative interventional case series.

Patients: Fifty-one children (65 eyes and 103 tumors) were treated with chemothermotherapy in a single institution from January 1995 to May 1998.

Functional results after treatment of retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Because of the long-term complications associated with external beam radiation in retinoblastoma, alternative treatment methods have been investigated. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the functional results of new treatment modalities.

Methods: Thirty-seven eyes were treated without external beam irradiation in 31 patients.