Evaluation of Paraspinal Fat Pad as an Indicator of Posterior Ligamentous Complex Injury in Cervical Spine Trauma.

Purpose To determine if the obliteration of a cervical space, the paraspinal fat pad (PFP), can be used as an indicator at computed tomography (CT) of an injury of cervical spine posterior ligamentous complex (PLC). Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional board review; written informed consent was obtained from healthy subjects and was waived for patients. First, PFP appearance was evaluated in an anatomic specimen and in 10 healthy subjects on spine CT scans by three radiologists (readers 1, 2, and 3) working in consensus.

Non-metric variation of the middle phalanges of the human toes (II-V): long/short types and their evolutionary significance.

The human lateral toes are characterised by extreme reduction compared with other primates, and in particular other hominoids. Some phalangeal non-metric variants have been well identified in humans, in particular: triphalangeal/biphalangeal patterns, and the presence/absence of phalangeal secondary centres of ossification. The purpose of the present study was to describe and analyse an original non-metric variation of the middle phalanges of the lateral toes.

MSCT versus CBCT: evaluation of high-resolution acquisition modes for dento-maxillary and skull-base imaging.

Objectives: Our aim was to conduct a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of high-resolution skull-bone imaging for dentistry and otolaryngology using different architectures of recent X-ray computed tomography systems.

Material And Methods: Three multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) systems and one Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system were used in this study. All apparatuses were tested with installed acquisition modes and proprietary reconstruction software enabling high-resolution bone imaging.

Brief communication: The size of the human frontal sinuses in adults presenting complete persistence of the metopic suture.

The notion of absence of the frontal sinuses in human individuals presenting a persistence of the metopic suture is considered as classical in many treatises of reference; however, precise studies are very rare and even controversial. The purpose of this study was thus to provide original data to confirm or refute this classical affirmation with the perspective of some original insights into biological significance of the frontal sinuses and the factors influencing their exceptional polymorphism. The material consisted of 143 dry skulls of adult individuals (European Homo sapiens), distributed in two groups: 80 skulls presenting a complete frontal closure with total disappearance of the metopic suture, and 63 skulls presenting a complete persistence of the metopic suture.

[Japanese students and assistants of the medical faculty of Strasbourg from 1872 to 1918].

After the annexation of Alsace by Germany, ratified by the treatise of Versailles in January 1871, a new large-scale university was created in Strasbourg by the German authorities. It was inaugurated the 1st of May 1872, named Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität from 1877, and existed until the return of Alsace to France in 1918. Due to its prestige, this university rapidly attracted foreign students (i.

Cone-beam computed tomography arthrography: an innovative modality for the evaluation of wrist ligament and cartilage injuries.

Purpose: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become an important modality in dento-facial imaging but remains poorly used in the exploration of the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the performance and radiation exposure of CBCT arthrography in the evaluation of ligament and cartilage injuries in cadaveric wrists, with gross pathology findings as the standard of reference.

Materials And Methods: Conventional arthrography was performed under fluoroscopic guidance on 10 cadaveric wrists, followed by MDCT acquisition and CBCT acquisition.

Oval in males and triangular in females? A quantitative evaluation of sexual dimorphism in the human obturator foramen.

Among the numerous pelvic traits presenting sex differences, the obturator foramen is classically described as being oval in males and triangular in females. However, no demonstrations or detailed studies seem available in the literature. The purpose of this work was to study quantitatively this trait using Fourier analysis, because this methodological approach is particularly well adapted for discrimination between different simple shapes.

Transverse foramen of the atlas (C1) anteriorly unclosed: a misknown human variant and its evolutionary significance.

Study Design: Morphologic study of 500 human adult atlases, 256 atlases of nonhuman adult primates representing 37 genera, and 25 human atlases of newborns and young individuals from birth to 3 years of age.

Objective: To provide original observations to attempt to understand the anterior unclosure of the transverse foramen of the human atlas, to ascertain its occurrence in primates, and to offer some elements regarding the evolutionary and functional significance of this disposition.

Summary Of Background Data: Anteriorly unclosed transverse foramen is one of the classic variants of the human atlas, however, rare quantitative data are available in the literature and this disposition remains little understood.

[Homage to Doctor Theodore Vetter (1916-2004). President of the French Society of the History of Medicine from 1976 to 1978].

Théodore Vetter (Strasbourg, 1916, June 19th - 2004, July 8th) was qualified as a medical doctor in medicine in 1948 in Strasbourg, and then followed complementary courses in medical biology in Paris. He realized most of his career as an adviser for medical research in pharmaceutical industry. He presented an early talent for drawing and graphic arts, encouraged by Georges Ritleng (1875-1972), headmaster of the School of decorative arts in Strasbourg.

Bipartition of the superior articular facets of the first cervical vertebra (atlas or C1): a human variant probably specific among primates.

The bipartition of the superior articular facet is one of the classical variants of the human atlas. Rare quantitative data are available in the literature on this possible bipartition in humans and this disposition remains little understood. For non-human primates, there are almost no detailed comparative data in the literature, despite their potential importance in understanding the significance of this pattern in humans and its evolution.

[The anatomists in Algiers during the French colonial period (1830-1962)].

A remarkable anatomical school existed in Algiers during the French colonial period from 1830 to 1962. From 1832 to 1836, in the first military hospital of Algiers, Lucien Jean Baptiste Baudens (1804-1857) already started lectures of anatomy. A School of Medicine was created in Algiers in 1857 and opened in 1859 ; it was transformed in a Faculty of Medicine in 1909.

Variations of the mandibular shape in extant hominoids: Generic, specific, and subspecific quantification using elliptical fourier analysis in lateral view.

While a number of studies have documented the mandibular variations in hominoids, few focused on evaluating the variation of the whole outline of this structure. Using an efficient morphometrical approach, i.e.

Secondary centers of ossification of the human toes: exceptional polymorphism and evolutionary perspectives.

As great morphological variability characterizes the phalanges of the human toes in adults, we hypothesized for a possible variability in the presence or absence of their secondary (= epiphyseal) centers of ossification linked to the unique morphology of the human foot within primates. The aim of this study was thus to provide original and detailed data on the occurrence of these centers. Classically, the big toe or hallux (I) presents two secondary centers and the lateral toes (II-V) three centers, and consequently the five toes present a total of 14 secondary centers.

Shape of the lateral mandibular outline in Lemuridae: a quantitative analysis of variability using elliptical Fourier analysis.

While several morphometric analyses in lemurids have focused on the craniofacial complex, the characterization of their mandibular morphology has received less attention. The mandibular outline, in lateral perspective, was quantified using elliptical Fourier analysis, in an osteological sample encompassing 189 lemurid mandibles (66 Eulemur, 51 Hapalemur, 22 Lemur and 50 Varecia), and compared using multivariate statistical techniques. The taxonomic value of this outline in Lemuridae was demonstrated by the existence of significant separations between the four genera studied.

Skeletal segments of the human pollical and hallucal rays: comparison and analysis of their intrinsic proportions.

Since in humans, the first digital ray has a different functional significance in the hand and in the foot, the comparison of the pollical and hallucal rays seems interesting in order to evaluate the influence of specific evolutionary functional factors and biomechanical constraints. The objective of this study was to provide original and detailed data on the intrinsic proportions of the three segments of the human pollical and hallucal rays (metacarpal or metatarsal bone, proximal phalanx, and distal phalanx) in order to allow a quantitative comparison of their relative development. No similar data evaluated from three-dimensional approaches (volumetric or ponderal) seem to be available in the literature.

Bony ponticles of the atlas (C1) over the groove for the vertebral artery in humans and primates: polymorphism and evolutionary trends.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the distribution in primates of the three possible bony ponticles over the groove for the vertebral artery (ventral, lateral, and dorsal ponticles), in order to attempt to understand the variants observed in humans and to ascertain possible evolutionary trends in primates. The material consisted of 393 atlases of extant nonhuman primates representative of 41 genera, and of 500 human atlases (dried bones of adults). For each atlas, we studied the existence and morphology of the ponticles, and the type of association of these three ponticles on a given side, which are theoretically of eight in number (types A-H).

The intermetatarsal articular facet of the first metatarsal bone in humans: a derived trait unique within primates.

The occurrence and morphology of an intermetatarsal facet of the first metatarsal bone have been investigated in a series of 306 nonhuman primates representative of 40 genera, and in a series of 412 human metatarsal bones (dried bones) (215 left, 197 right). In nonhuman primates, no case of intermetatarsal facet was observed in the 306 first metatarsal bones studied. In humans, a well-defined intermetatarsal facet was observed in 127 out of the 412 bones (30.

[About the 350th anniversary of the foundation of the chair of anatomy of the faculty of medicine at Strasbourg (1652-2002)].

Some historical and bibliographical elements are given at the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the foundation of the chair of anatomy at Strasbourg. Strasbourg played an important role in the dissemination of the anatomical knowledge in the end of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century. In 1517, the first official human dissection organized in Strasbourg was performed.

The human mandible in lateral view: elliptical fourier descriptors of the outline and their morphological analysis.

An original procedure based on new developments in elliptical Fourier methods associated with image analysis technics was applied to 117 human mandibles in lateral view (69 males, 48 females) in order to analyze interindividual variability and sexual dimorphism. Original parameters, called elliptical Fourier descriptors, allowed for the quantification of the shape of an outline irrespective of its morphological complexity, and provided a precise individual characterization. The use of step by step reconstructions with an increasing number of harmonics allowed for demonstration of the morphological contributions of the elliptical Fourier descriptors, and relationships to precise anatomical features were established.