A polygenic risk score for alcohol-associated cirrhosis among heavy drinkers with European ancestry.

Background: Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) based on results from genome-wide association studies offer the prospect of risk stratification for many common and complex diseases. We developed a PRS for alcohol-associated cirrhosis by comparing single-nucleotide polymorphisms among patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis (ALC) versus drinkers who did not have evidence of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Methods: Using a data-driven approach, a PRS for ALC was generated using a meta-genome-wide association study of ALC (N=4305) and an independent cohort of heavy drinkers with ALC and without significant liver disease (N=3037).

Chemsex in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users: Assessment of mood disorders and addictive behavior.

The assessment of mood disorders and addiction linked to the practice of chemsex is of interest given the psychoactive substances used. The aim of this study was to assess risky sexual and addictive behavior to chemsex and related anxiety/depression symptoms in individuals receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In this cross-sectional study, all adults presenting for PrEP renewal at French sexual health centers were enrolled from January 2018 to March 2019.

A genetic risk score and diabetes predict development of alcohol-related cirrhosis in drinkers.

Background & Aims: Only a minority of excess alcohol drinkers develop cirrhosis. We developed and evaluated risk stratification scores to identify those at highest risk.

Methods: Three cohorts (GenomALC-1: n = 1,690, GenomALC-2: n = 3,037, UK Biobank: relevant n = 6,898) with a history of heavy alcohol consumption (≥80 g/day (men), ≥50 g/day (women), for ≥10 years) were included.

Obesity, Diabetes, Coffee, Tea, and Cannabis Use Alter Risk for Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis in 2 Large Cohorts of High-Risk Drinkers.

Introduction: Sustained high alcohol intake is necessary but not sufficient to produce alcohol-related cirrhosis. Identification of risk factors, apart from lifetime alcohol exposure, would assist in discovery of mechanisms and prediction of risk.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter case-control study (GenomALC) comparing 1,293 cases (with alcohol-related cirrhosis, 75.

Psychoactive substances, alcohol and tobacco consumption in HIV-infected outpatients.

Objectives: To assess the alcohol consumption, tobacco addiction and psychoactive substance use (PSU) of people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Design: Cross-sectional study in an HIV outpatient unit.

Methods: Autoquestionnaire systematically proposed to all patients during their usual clinical care visit during a 6-months period, for alcohol (AUDIT test), tobacco (Short Fagerstrom Test) and PSU (ASSIST V3.

Evaluation of laboratory tests for cirrhosis and for alcohol use, in the context of alcoholic cirrhosis.

Laboratory tests can play an important role in assessment of alcoholic patients, including for evaluation of liver damage and as markers of alcohol intake. Evidence on test performance should lead to better selection of appropriate tests and improved interpretation of results. We compared laboratory test results from 1578 patients between cases (with alcoholic cirrhosis; 753 men, 243 women) and controls (with equivalent lifetime alcohol intake but no liver disease; 439 men, 143 women).

[Contribution of therapeutic patient education to addiction medicine].

TPE can improve the efficacy of addiction medicine, for the benefit of patients and staff. It can help the patient withdraw from addiction, or at least achieve a better quality of life with this chronic condition..

Should HIV-infected patients be screened for silent myocardial ischaemia using gated myocardial perfusion SPECT?

Purpose: A higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in HIV-infected patients, together with chronic infection and treatments, has resulted in an increased risk of silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether myocardial SPECT should be used for screening HIV-infected patients with no clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease.

Methods: The prevalence of SMI detected by myocardial SPECT was determined in 94 HIV-infected patients with a normal clinical cardiovascular examination in relation to anthropomorphic parameters, CRFs, inflammatory and HIV infection status, and treatment.

Suppression of HIV-1 replication by microRNA effectors.

The rate of HIV-1 gene expression is a key step that determines the kinetics of virus spread and AIDS progression. Viral entry and gene expression were described to be the key determinants for cell permissiveness to HIV. Recent reports highlighted the involvement of miRNA in regulating HIV-1 replication post-transcriptionally.