Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: A Complementary Method Beyond the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to Identify Hyperglycemia During Pregnancy.

Objectives: To compare: 1) 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in identifying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other hyperglycemic statuses in pregnant women; 2) pregnancy outcomes according to glycemic status; and 3) participants' opinions regarding both methods.

Methods: A prospective study in women with a 50 g glucose load test ≥7.2 mmol/L at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and singleton pregnancy.

Perceptions and experiences of adult patients with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy: Results of an online survey.

Aims: To assess perceptions of patients using subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) about metabolic control, pump malfunctions, technical and insertion site adverse events (AEs) related to infusion sets/catheters as well as patients' practices.

Methods: Online survey (from June 2016 to January 2017) using an actualized 39-item questionnaire directed to adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using CSII therapy and living in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Results: Participants with T1D (n = 115, 72% females, 39.

Duration of Catheter Use in Patients with Diabetes Using Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion: A Review.

Increasing proportions of patients with diabetes use continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy mostly due to its clinical efficacy and flexibility for insulin dosing and adjustments. Some challenges are nevertheless associated with this technology. A key and underlooked component of CSII technical difficulties is the subcutaneous catheter used to infuse insulin.

Pilot study of EEG in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: The goal was to evaluate whether there was neurodevelopmental deficits in newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to control newborns born to healthy mothers.

Methods: Forty-six pregnant women (21 controls and 25 GDM) were recruited. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in the newborns within 48 h after birth.

Associations of Maternal Leptin with Neonatal Adiposity Differ according to Pregravid Weight.

Background: During pregnancy, maternal circulating leptin is released by maternal adipose tissue and the placenta, and may have a role in fetal development.

Objectives: We investigated maternal leptinemia and glycemia associations with neonatal adiposity, taking into account pregravid weight status.

Methods: We included 235 pregnant women from the Genetics of Glucose Regulation in Gestation and Growth prospective cohort with data: blood samples collected during the 2nd trimester, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the measured leptin and glucose levels.

Fatty acid profile in cord blood of neonates born to optimally controlled gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the fatty acid profile of cord blood phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to non-diabetic mothers.

Methods: The offspring of 30 pregnant women (15 non-diabetic controls, 15 with diet- or insulin-controlled GDM) were recruited before delivery. Cord blood was collected.

Timing of Excessive Weight Gain During Pregnancy Modulates Newborn Anthropometry.

Objective: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased birth weight and neonatal adiposity. However, timing of excessive GWG may have a differential impact on birth outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of early and mid/late excessive GWG on newborn anthropometry in the context of the Canadian clinical recommendations that are specific for first trimester and for second/third trimesters based on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.

Higher maternal leptin levels at second trimester are associated with subsequent greater gestational weight gain in late pregnancy.

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In non-pregnant populations, low leptin levels stimulate positive energy balance. In pregnancy, both the placenta and adipose tissue contribute to circulating leptin levels.

Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G): a prospective prebirth cohort of mother-child pairs in Sherbrooke, Canada.

Purpose: We initiated the Genetics of Glucose regulation in Gestation and Growth (Gen3G) prospective cohort to increase our understanding of biological, environmental and genetic determinants of glucose regulation during pregnancy and their impact on fetal development.

Participants: Between January 2010 and June 2013, we invited pregnant women aged ≥ 18 years old who visited the blood sampling in pregnancy clinic in Sherbrooke for their first trimester clinical blood samples: 1034 women accepted to participate in our cohort study.

Findings To Date: At first and second trimester, we collected demographics and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometry measures (including fat and lean mass estimated using bioimpedance), blood pressure, and blood samples.

Preeclampsia is associated with an increased pro-inflammatory profile in newborns.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) lead to high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity. Existing studies on inflammatory marker TNFα in HDP offspring are inconsistent. We performed a population-based cohort study of 636 pregnancies, including normotensive (NT) women and women with preeclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH).

Regulation of blood flow in adipose tissue: involvement of the cholinergic system.

Acetylcholine (Ach) has vasodilatory actions. However, data are conflicting about the role of Ach in regulating blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue (ATBF). This may be related to inaccurate ATBF recording or to the responder/nonresponder (R/NR) phenomenon.

Glycation of fetal hemoglobin reflects hyperglycemia exposure in utero.

Objective: The lifetime risk of metabolic diseases in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) depends, at least in part, on the impact of glycemic fetal programming. To quantify this impact, we have developed and validated a unique mass spectrometry method to measure the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in cord blood.

Research Design And Methods: This case-control study includes 37 GDM women and 30 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Lower vitamin D levels at first trimester are associated with higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.

The progressive increase of insulin resistance observed in pregnancy contributes to the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is controversy whether vitamin D deficiency contributes to abnormal glycemic regulation in pregnancy. We tested the associations between first trimester 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and: 1) the risk of developing GDM; 2) insulin resistance/sensitivity, beta cell function and compensation indices in a large population-based prospective cohort of pregnant women.

TNFα dynamics during the oral glucose tolerance test vary according to the level of insulin resistance in pregnant women.

Introduction: TNFα is suspected to play a role in inflammation and insulin resistance leading to higher risk of metabolic impairment. Controversies exist concerning the role of TNFα in gestational insulin resistance. We investigated the interrelations between TNFα and insulin resistance in a large population-based cohort of pregnant women.

Measurement and manipulation of human adipose tissue blood flow using xenon washout technique and adipose tissue microinfusion.

Adipose tissue (AT) is a very active organ, both metabolically and hormonally. These important functions depend on adequate blood flow (BF). Metabolic, hormonal, and vascular processes within AT are highly interconnected and any disruption will invariably impact the others.

Delayed efficient anticoagulation with heparin in patients with a weight of 110 kg and more treated for acute coronary syndrome.

Objective: The use of a weight-based nomogram is considered as standard care for prescribing appropriate doses of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Because of the need for multiple other medications that may affect bleeding and that clinical data have relied on similar dosing algorithms, maximum initial bolus and infusion rates have been suggested (capped initial dose). Whether these weight-based heparin nomograms properly address therapeutic dosing in obese patients remains questionable.

Lower adiponectin levels at first trimester of pregnancy are associated with increased insulin resistance and higher risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between adiponectin levels and 1) the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 2) insulin resistance/sensitivity, β-cell function, and compensation indices in a prospective cohort representative of the general population of pregnant women.

Research Design And Methods: We performed anthropometric measurements and collected blood samples at 1st (6-13 weeks) and 2nd (24-28 weeks) trimesters. Diagnosis of GDM was made at 2nd trimester based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria).

Short- and long-term effects of continuous versus intermittent restrictive diet approaches on body composition and the metabolic profile in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare changes in body composition and the metabolic profile between women taking an intermittent diet (ID) and women taking a continuous diet (CD).

Methods: Twenty-five obese postmenopausal women were randomized to an ID (n = 13) or a CD (n = 12). In the ID, 5-week energy restriction periods were followed by 5-week weight stabilization periods.

Dietitian-coached management in combination with annual endocrinologist follow up improves global metabolic and cardiovascular health in diabetic participants after 24 months.

This 24 month study evaluated the effect of dietitian coaching combined with minimal endocrinologist follow up on the glycemic control and cardiovascular risks of diabetic participants, compared with conventional endocrinologist follow up. Participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were assigned to either the control group with conventional endocrinologist follow up (C; n = 50) or the dietitian-coached group (DC; n = 51) with on-site diabetes self-management education every 3 months combined with annual endocrinologist followup. Over the 24 month intervention, weight (-0.

Impact of the creation of a specialized clinic for prenatal blood sampling and follow-up care in pregnant women.

Objective: To evaluate (1) the effect on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening rates of having a specialized clinic for pregnant women offering blood sampling and screening for GDM, and (2) the impact on perinatal outcomes of having early GDM screening and follow-up provided by the specialized clinic.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, based on electronic health records. We compared data from women who delivered during a period when the Blood Sampling in Pregnancy (BSP) clinic was operating (2008-2009; n = 2780) to a time period before the clinic was established (2006-2007; n = 2591).