Quantitative ultrasonography of the foot muscles: a comprehensive perspective on reliability.

Background: Quantitative ultrasound imaging is a popular technique to assess the structural properties of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles. Although several studies examined test-retest reliability, specific gaps remain in assessing inter-rater reliability, particularly distinguishing between image acquisition and muscle measurement. Additionally, these studies utilized equipment that may not be generalizable across both clinical and research settings and often involved small sample sizes without prior sample size calculations.

The effects of foot core exercises and minimalist footwear on foot muscle sizes, foot strength, and biomechanics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Specific foot exercises and the use of minimalist shoes during running or daily life were suggested to strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles and to modify locomotion biomechanics. We aimed to review the effectiveness of these interventions to modify foot muscle sizes, foot strength, and biomechanical outcomes.

Method: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SportDiscus databases were searched (last update: 12 March 2024).

Do we underestimate the frequency of ankle sprains in running? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of ankle sprains in running practices.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Main Outcome Measures: We calculated the weighted summary proportion and conducted meta-analyses for runners, considering levels (elite/recreational) and disciplines (distance, track, cross-country, trail, and orienteering).

Current evidence regarding 2D ultrasonography monitoring of intrinsic foot muscle properties: A systematic review.

Background: Ultrasonography can discriminate between intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle properties and has therefore gained considerable popularity as an indirect strength evaluation. However, an overview on the use of ultrasound for assessing intrinsic foot musculature (IFM) is currently lacking.

Research Question: What is the current evidence regarding (1) 2D ultrasonography protocols and its reliability? (2) Reference values for cross-sectional area and dorso-plantar thickness evaluation in asymptomatic and symptomatic persons?

Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct this systematic review.