Alterations in detrusor contractility in rat model of bladder cancer.

Urinary incontinence of idiopathic nature is a common complication of bladder cancer, yet, the mechanisms underlying changes in bladder contractility associated with cancer are not known. Here by using tensiometry on detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) strips from normal rats and rats with bladder cancer induced by known urothelial carcinogen, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), we show that bladder cancer is associated with considerable changes in DSM contractility. These changes include: (1) decrease in the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions, consistent with the decline of luminal pressures during filling, and detrusor underactivity; (2) diminution of parasympathetic DSM stimulation mainly at the expense of m-cholinergic excitatory transmission, suggestive of difficulty in bladder emptying and weakening of urine stream; (3) strengthening of TRPV1-dependent afferent limb of micturition reflex and TRPV1-mediated local contractility, promoting urge incontinence; (4) attenuation of stretch-dependent, TRPV4-mediated spontaneous contractility leading to overflow incontinence.

Co-targeting Mitochondrial Ca Homeostasis and Autophagy Enhances Cancer Cells' Chemosensitivity.

Mitochondria are important cell death checkpoints, and mitochondrial Ca overload is considered as a potent apoptotic intrinsic pathway inducer. Here, we report that this Ca apoptosis link is largely ineffective in inducing cell-death just by itself and required a concomitant inhibition of autophagy to counteract its pro-survival action. In such condition, an acute mitochondrial stress revealed by a DRP1-mediated mitochondrial dynamic remodeling is observed concomitantly with mitochondrial depolarization, release of cytochrome c, and efficient apoptosis induction.

External validation of the Briganti nomogram predicting lymph node invasion in patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging-targeted and systematic biopsies: A European multicenter study.

Objective: To validate a nomogram predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy taking into consideration multiparametric-magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) parameters and targeted biopsies in a western European cohort.

Patients And Methods: A total of 473 men diagnosed by targeted biopsies, using software-based MRI-ultrasound image fusion system, and operated by radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection across 11 Europeans centers between 2012 and 2019 were identified. Area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis were used to evaluated the performance of the model.

Urothelial Tumors and Dual-Band Imaging: A New Concept in Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy.

Objectives: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) uses a low-energy laser light source to obtain microscopic histology images of bladder tissue exposed to a fluorescent dye. To evaluate the feasibility of using CLE with two fluorophores: fluorescein (FLUO) and hexylaminolevulinate (HAL) to determine histologic and cytologic bladder cancer criteria.

Methods: Patients eligible for HAL-photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor were included.

Activation of mutated TRPA1 ion channel by resveratrol in human prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF).

Previous studies showed the effects of resveratrol (RES) on several cancer cells, including prostate cancer (PCa) cell apoptosis without taking into consideration the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is composed of cancer cells, endothelial cells, blood cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the main source of growth factors. The latter cells might modify in the TME the impact of RES on tumor cells via secreted factors.

Activation of TRPA1 Channel by Antibacterial Agent Triclosan Induces VEGF Secretion in Human Prostate Cancer Stromal Cells.

Accruing evidence indicates that exposure to environmental compounds may adversely affect human health and promote carcinogenesis. Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial agent widely used as a preservative in personal care products, has been shown to act as an endocrine disruptor in hormone-dependent tissues. Here, we demonstrate a new molecular mechanism by which TCS stimulates the secretion by human prostate cancer stromal cells of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a factor known to promote tumor growth.

Bisphenol A stimulates human prostate cancer cell migration via remodelling of calcium signalling.

Bisphenol A (BPA), the principal constituent of reusable water bottles, metal cans, and plastic food containers, has been shown to be involved in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of BPA on PCa cell migration and the pathways involved in these processes. Using the transwell technique, we clearly show for the first time that the pre-treatment of the cells with BPA (1-10 nM) induces human PCa cell migration.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy of bladder tumors associated with photodynamic diagnosis: an ex vivo pilot study.

Objective: To improve the sensitivity of white light cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is useful but has low specificity. Recently, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has been used for the diagnosis of urothelial cell carcinoma. The main objective was to examine the feasibility of simultaneous PDD and CLE.

Prostate cell differentiation status determines transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 channel subcellular localization and function.

In recent years, the transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) channel has emerged as a promising prognostic marker and putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanisms of prostate-specific regulation and functional evolution of TRPM8 during PCa progression remain unclear. Here we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that only secretory mature differentiated human prostate primary epithelial (PrPE) luminal cells expressed functional plasma membrane TRPM8 ((PM)TRPM8) channels.

Differential role of transient receptor potential channels in Ca2+ entry and proliferation of prostate cancer epithelial cells.

One major clinical problem with prostate cancer is the cells' ability to survive and proliferate upon androgen withdrawal. Because Ca2+ is central to growth control, understanding the mechanisms of Ca2+ homeostasis involved in prostate cancer cell proliferation is imperative for new therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that agonist-mediated stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1-AR) promotes proliferation of the primary human prostate cancer epithelial (hPCE) cells by inducing store-independent Ca2+ entry and subsequent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor.

[Management of bladder cancer associated with prostate cancer].

The treatment decision in patients with simultaneous development of bladder cancer and prostate cancer is based on the prognostic factors of the two tumours, the life expectancy, and the complications of treatment influencing patient follow-up. This review of the literature tends to confirm a higher incidence of prostate cancer in patients with bladder cancer. The diagnostic and treatment options are proposed for each situation, but evidence-based recommendations cannot be proposed on the basis of the published data.

Prolactin stimulates cell proliferation through a long form of prolactin receptor and K+ channel activation.

PRL (prolactin) has been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of numerous tissues, including the prostate gland. However, the PRL-R (PRL receptor) signal transduction pathway, leading to the stimulation of cell proliferation, remains unclear and has yet to be mapped. The present study was undertaken to develop a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in this pathway and, in particular, to determine the role of K(+) channels.

Alpha1-adrenergic receptors activate Ca(2+)-permeable cationic channels in prostate cancer epithelial cells.

The prostate gland is a rich source of alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1-ARs). alpha1-AR antagonists are commonly used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms, due to their action on smooth muscle cells. However, virtually nothing is known about the role of alpha1-ARs in epithelial cells.

[Bladder tumor in young patients: a series of 26 cases. Comparison with a review of the literature].

Objective: Urothelial bladder tumours are rare before the age of 40 and represent only 1% to 4% of all bladder tumours. This study reviews the histological features of these tumours and tries to more clearly define their natural history.

Material And Method: From 1980 to 2000, we observed 2,600 cases of primary bladder tumours; 34 subjects were younger than 40.

[Auto-reeducation of female stress urinary incontinence].

The Pelvia device is the fruit of the latest anatomic, functional and physiotherapeutic research into the pelvic floor. Thanks to its sophisticated technology, Pelvia is a user-friendly device fully suited to today's lifestyle of women, allowing them to do self-retraining exercises of the perineal muscles as an adjunct to the other therapies available. It is a reliable method to make patients aware of the strength and improvement of th perineal muscles contraction.

[Practical impact of pharmacologic and clinical data on early post-operative instillation of mitomycin C].

The authors present the current pharmacological and clinical data concerning EPOI and their practical implications. The importance of performing this instillation during the first 24 hours following TURB appears to be confirmed. EPOI of MMC is accompanied by a 34 to 50% reduction of early recurrences.