Antiplasmodial specialised compounds from the leaves of Harms (Meliaceae).

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chemical study of that led to the isolation and characterisation of nine distinct compounds from its methanolic leaves extract including one new trinortriterpenoid glomerulatin along with eight known compounds amongst which five compounds namely azadirone, oleanolic acid, sericoside, cleomiscosin D and griffonin reported for the first time from the genus . All the isolated compounds have been evaluated for their antiplasmodial potency against the chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7. The results showed that glomerulatin and azadirone were the most active compounds with IC values of 1.

Highly oxygenated antiplasmodial and non-hemolytic Δ stigmastane-type steroids from the twigs of Vernonia amygdalina Delile.

Chemical investigations of a methanolic extract of the twigs of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of three previously undescribed highly oxygenated Δ stigmastane-type steroids namely vernonins U-W (1-3) along with six known compounds (4-9). The structural characterization of all the isolated compounds has been conducted via comprehensive 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy as well as HRMS. The seven steroidal derivatives 1-7 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain P.

Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the roots of Mast.

A study of diterpenoids as active ingredients against cancer from the active roots extract of Mast. (IC = 1.57 μg mL) led to the isolation of six new clerodane diterpenoids, named as barterins A-F (1-6) alongside seven known compounds, caseamembrin A, caseamembrin E, casearlucin A, graveospene G, -feruloyltyramine, -feruloytyramine and sitosterol-3--β--(6--palmitoyl)-glucopyranoside.

A new 30-norfriedelane triterpnoid from (Oliv.) Gilg. (Achariaceae).

The chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the roots of (Oliv.) Gilg. exhibited a new 30-norfriedelane triterpenoid, laphocarpanol (), together with seven known compounds, caloncobalactone (), friedelin (), friedelanol ), asperphernamate (), stigmasterol (), sitosterol () and sitosterol-3---D-glucopyranoside ().

30-norfriedelanes and other compounds from the stem bark and fruits of Caloncoba glauca (Achariaceae), their antiplasmodial activity, structure-activity relationship and computational validation.

Two new 30-norfriedelane triterpenoids namely glaucalactone C (1) and glaucanoic acid (2) along with sixteen known compounds (3-18) have been isolated from the methanolic extracts of the stem bark and fruits of Caloncoba glauca (P.Beauv.) Gilg (Achariaceae).

Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antiplasmodial Compounds from Lam. (Hypericaceae) and Their Cytotoxicity and Molecular Docking.

In Cameroon, malaria is still the cause of several deaths yearly and leading to the continued search for new potent leads to fight against . Medicinal plants like Lam. are introduced in local preparations for the treatment of affected people.

Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts and compounds of Brucea antidysenterica (Simaroubaceae) towards multifactorial drug-resistant human cancer cell lines.

Background: Cancer remains a global health concern and constitutes an important barrier to increasing life expectancy. Malignant cells rapidly develop drug resistance leading to many clinical therapeutic failures. The importance of medicinal plants as an alternative to classical drug discovery to fight cancer is well known.

Bioactive constituents from Hook.f. (Flacourtiaceae).

The chemical investigation of the methanolic root extract of led to the isolation of a new arylbenzoate derivative, vogelinal (), together with thirteen known compounds (). The structures of the isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses (1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS) and by comparison with previously reported data. All the compounds were tested for their antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Chemical constituents from Forssk (Moraceae).

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial roots of , a Cameroonian medicinal plant, resulted in a previously undescribed cerebroside, suroside , in addition to its aglycon congener suramide . Moreover, six known natural products including alpinumisoflavone , wighteone metabolite , oleanolic acid , -sitosterol , -sitosterol-3---D-glucopyranoside and epi--taraxastanolone were identified. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR (One and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance), mass spectrometry, chemical conversion, and by comparison of these data with those from the literature.

Naturally occurring dimeric triterpenoids: Occurrence, chemistry and bioactivities.

The triterpenes represent one of the most reported subclasses of specialized metabolites from the plant kingdom. They play a key role in the protection of plants and their metabolism in addition to displaying a high structural diversity and large scale of biological activities. The scaffold can undergo several reactions like oxidation or substitution at different positions of the skeleton leading to the formation of several types of compounds.

Contribution of Meliaceous plants in furnishing lead compounds for antiplasmodial and insecticidal drug development.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malaria remains one of the greatest threats to human life especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions where it claims hundreds of thousands of lives of young children every year. Meliaceae represent a large family of trees and shrubs, which are widely used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments including fever due to malaria. The in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial as well as insecticidal investigations of their extracts or isolated compounds have led to promising results but to the best of our knowledge, no specific review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry of the antiplasmodial, insecticidal and cytotoxic lead compounds and extracts of Meliaceae plants has been compiled.

Three new 30-norfriedelane and a new friedelane triterpenes from the trunk bark of (Oliv.) Gilg (Achariaceae).

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the trunk bark of (Oliv.) Gilg (Achariaceae) led to the isolation of four new compounds, including three new 30-norfriedelane triterpenes, welwitschiilactones D-F (-), one new friedelane triterpene, welwitschioic acid () as well as ten known compounds: stigmastane-3,6-dione (7), a mixture of -sitosterol and stigmasterol ( and ), a mixture of -sitosterol and stigmasterol glucoside ( and ), (2,3,4,5)--(1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyndecan-2-yl)tetradecanamide (), 1---glucopyranosyl-(2,3,8)-2-[(2')-2-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol (12), 3,21-dihydroxy-27-oxo-30-nor-(D:A)-friedo-olean-20(29))en-27,19α-lactone (), 21hydroxy-3,27-dioxo-30-nor-(D:A)-friedo-olean-20(29)-en-27,19α-lactone () and 2,21-dihydroxy-27-oxo-30-nor-(D:A)-friedo-olean-20(29)-en-27,19-lactone (). The structures of all the isolated compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR as well as ESI-MS).

Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Vepris (Rutaceae): A review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Species of the genus Vepris are used in traditional African pharmacopeia for the treatment of various conditions, including chronic diseases and other parasitic. Further uses are against whooping cough and colic in children and as an antidote against snakebite. Data presented will enable the interested scientists to work on this genus applying the so-called "ethnopharmacologic approach", which may lead towards the discovery of the effective, safe plant medicinal products.

Three phragmalin-type limonoids orthoesters and the structure of odoratone isolated from the bark of Entandrophragma candollei (Meliaceae).

The phytochemical exploration of the Entandrophragma candollei stem bark extract led to the isolation and identification of twenty compounds including three undescribed phragmalin-class limonoids named encandollens C-E (1-3), the undescribed protolimonoid 5 together with sixteen known compounds. The structures of all the isolated compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The assignment of the absolute and relative stereochemistry of the undescribed compounds was achieved using SC-XRD analyses as well as NOESY experiments.

First report of compounds from an species: Triterpenoids from Oliv. (Malvaceae).

The stem bark of Oliv. exhibited triterpenoids, including the rare fernane-type, fern-9(11)-ene-2α,3β-diol () a possible chemotaxonomically distinct biomolecule for the genus. Other triterpenoids that were isolated from this plant include the ursane-type ursolic acid () and corosolic acid (), friedelane-type friedelin () and canophyllol (), lupane-type lupeol (), betulin (), betulinic acid () and hennadiol (), oleanoic acid (), maslinic acid () and taraxerol () and three sterols.

The chemistry and biological activities of Hort. Ex Tanaka (Rutaceae), a vegetatively propagated species.

We report the chemistry and biological activities of a Cameroonian Hort. Ex Tanaka, a vegetatively propagated species. The compounds isolated from this plant were determined to be the known 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (), tangerine (), nobilletin (), 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (), citracridone I (), 5-hydroxynoracronycine (), citracridone III (), xanthyletin (), suberosin (), -suberenol (), -methoxysuberenol (), 6-formylumbelliferone (), aurantiamide acetate (), limonin (), stigmasterol, -sitosterol and -sitosterol-3---D-glucoside.

Bioactive constituents from (Sabine & G.Don) J.H.Hemsl.

The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extracts of roots, stem bark, leaves and twigs of has led to the isolation of one new friedelane triterpene, lacefriedelic acid or 3,23-dihydroxy D:A-friedooleanan-28-oic acid () and one new prenylated xanthone, lacexanthone or 4,7-dihydroxy-2,3,3,9,9-pentamethyl-2,2-dihydrofurano[2,3-a]pyrano[2,3-i]xanthen-13()-one () alongside twenty-four known compounds. Compounds - are reported here for the first time from the genus . The structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallography.

Cytotoxic Stilbenes and Canthinone Alkaloids from (Simaroubaceae).

A phytochemical study of the root and bark of J. F. Mill.

Bruceadysentoside A, a new pregnane glycoside and others secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity from J. F. Mill. (simaroubaceae).

The chemical investigation of the root barks leaves and stem barks of Brucea antidysenterica J. F. Mill.

A rotameric tryptamide alkaloid from the roots of Vepris lecomteana (Pierre) Cheek & T. Heller (Rutaceae).

A rotameric tryptamide alkaloid (1a-1b) was isolated from the methanolic extract of the roots of Vepris lecomteana together with the known compounds anhydroevoxine (2), lecomtequinoline C (3), evoxine (4), N-methylflindersine (5), evoxanthine (6), hesperidin, lupeol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The previously not reported 7-(3-anilino-2-hydroxyprenyloxy)-8-methoxydictamine (2a) was obtained by opening the epoxide of anhydroevoxine (2). The structures of above compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, EI-/ESI-MS, X-ray crystallography and comparison with the reported data.

Antimicrobial Furoquinoline Alkaloids from Vepris lecomteana (Pierre) Cheek & T. Heller (Rutaceae).

Three new prenylated furoquinoline alkaloids named lecomtequinoline A (), B (), and C (), together with the known compounds anhydroevoxine (), evoxine (), dictamnine (), methylflindersine (), evoxanthine (), hesperidin, lupeol, -sitosterol, stigmasterol, -sitosterol-3---d-glucopyranoside, stearic acid, and myristyl alcohol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts of leaves and stem of . The structures of compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (NMR, MS, UV, and IR) and by comparison with previously reported data. Crude extracts of leaves and stem displayed high antimicrobial activity, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (values of 10.

A new depsidone derivative from the leaves of Garcinia polyantha.

One new depsidone, polyanthadepsidone A (1), together with four known compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the leaves of Garcinia polyantha. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR and EI mass spectral data. All the isolates exhibited suppressive effect on phagocytosis response upon activation with serum opsonised zymosan in the IC range of 4.

Cytotoxic Properties of the Stem Bark of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae).

The bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane extract of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae) stem bark yielded scoparone (1), xanthyletin (2), lupeol (3), β-amyrin (4), stigmasterol (5), β-sitosterol (6) and palmitic acid. The structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, i.e.

Cytotoxicity of the Roots of Trillium govanianum Against Breast (MCF7), Liver (HepG2), Lung (A549) and Urinary Bladder (EJ138) Carcinoma Cells.

Trillium govanianum Wall. (Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae), commonly known as 'nag chhatri' or 'teen patra', is a native species of the Himalayas.