Intraperitoneal fluid in children: normal ultrasound findings depend on which scan head you use.

Background: The detection of small quantities of unsuspected free intraperitoneal fluid (IPF) at US examination in children has increased markedly in our department since linear high-frequency probes have been used routinely for gastrointestinal examinations. Its clinical significance is unknown. OBJECTIVE.

Orthotopic liver transplants in children: change in hepatic venous Doppler wave pattern as an indicator of acute rejection.

Purpose: To determine whether a change in hepatic venous flow pattern can be seen during hepatic graft rejection and if it is reversible with treatment.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine children received 42 liver allografts during a 10-year span. Doppler ultrasonographic (US) recordings of hepatic venous wave patterns were reviewed.

Hepatic vein Doppler studies: variability of flow pattern in normal children.

Background: Loss of triphasicity of hepatic venous flow on Doppler US has been correlated with hepatic parenchymal disease such as cirrhosis and graft rejection in adults.

Objective: To document physiological variations of hepatic vein (HV) flow patterns in normal children of different age groups, the influence of age, sex, body position, site of measurements within a given vein, exercise and food intake. Also, to document the reproducibility of the Doppler US findings in the three major HVs, in order to establish the limits of normal flow against which to assess liver pathology giving rise to abnormal flow pattern.