Ptk7-Deficient Mice Have Decreased Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pools as a Result of Deregulated Proliferation and Migration.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) located in adult bone marrow or fetal liver in mammals produce all cells from the blood system. At the top of the hierarchy are long-term HSCs endowed with lifelong self-renewal and differentiation properties. These features are controlled through key microenvironmental cues and regulatory pathways, such as Wnt signaling.

Abnormal mammary gland development in MMTV-CBLC transgenic mouse.

The CBL family of E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates cell signaling in a number of tissues by promoting degradation of tyrosine kinase receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor. CBLC, the third member of the CBL family, is expressed in epithelial tissues, including the mammary gland. A transgenic mouse strain expressing a tetracyclin-inducible CBLC in the mammary gland was derived.