Drug resistance in HIV-infected children living in rural South Africa: Implications of an antiretroviral therapy initiated during the first year of life.

Introduction: Management of antiretroviral-drug resistance in HIV-infected children is a global health concern. We compared the long-term virological outcomes of two cohorts of children living in a rural setting of South Africa. The first cohort initiated treatment before one year and the second after two years of age.

Moving forward with treatment options for HIV-infected children.

Introduction: Current international guidelines recommend to treat all HIV-1 infected patients regardless of CD4 cell count. Despite the remarkable worldwide progress for universal access to antiretroviral during the last decade, the pediatric population remains fragile due to lack of randomized studies, inappropriate antiretroviral formulations, adherence difficulties, drug toxicity and development of resistance.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes the latest recommendations and advances for the treatment of HIV-infected children and highlights the potential complications of a lifelong antiretroviral treatment initiated early in life.

Effectiveness of the South African expanded program of immunization against hepatitis B in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 living in a resource-limited setting of Kwazulu-Natal.

Prevalence of Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus/Hepatitis-B-virus (HIV/HBV) coinfection and HBV vaccination response in children are unknown in Kwazulu-Natal. This study included 183 HIV-infected and 108 HIV-uninfected children aged between 5 and 15 years screened for HBV infection and vaccination. HBV infection occurred in 2.