Comparative life cycle assessment of on-site sanitation systems using lagoons or drying beds for fecal sludge treatment in low-income tropical countries.

Environmental challenges in low-income countries, such as Haiti, persist due to inadequate sanitation infrastructure. This study assesses the environmental impacts of nine on-site sanitation systems to identify those with the least environmental impacts and explore improvement options. Nine scenarios were developed, each representing different systems for managing 1 ton of fecal sludge over 1 year.

Comparative life cycle assessment of excreta management systems through composting and biomethanization: Case of a low-income tropical country.

Low-income tropical regions, such as Haiti, grapple with environmental issues stemming from inadequate sanitation infrastructure for fecal sludge management. This study scrutinizes on-site sanitation systems in these regions, evaluating their environmental impacts and pinpointing improvement opportunities. The focus is specifically on systems integrating excreta valorization through composting and/or anaerobic digestion.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of the work of manual pit emptiers, commonly known as .

In Haiti, manual pit emptiers, known as , face significant health risks. They work by descending naked into latrine pits, exposing themselves to pathogens and contributing to environmental contamination. This study employs the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) method to evaluate the microbial risks associated with this practice, considering nine prevalent pathogens in Haiti.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment associated with the use of container-based toilets in Haiti.

A container-based toilet (CBT) is a type of ecological toilet that allows users to compost their feces. During emptying, bucket washing, and composting operations, operators are exposed to microbial risks. This paper aims to evaluate these risks using the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) method.

Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease Using SBAR as a Communication Tool: A Pilot Study.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy that causes debilitating pain. Patients often report dissatisfaction during care seeking for pain or a sickle cell crisis (SCC). The Theory of Self-Care Management for SCD conceptualizes assertive communication as a self-care management resource that improves healthcare outcomes.

Urinary Ascites and Transient Intestinal Obstruction in a Preterm Infant: An Interesting Case of Posterior Urethral Valve.

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common congenital cause of bladder outflow obstruction in male neonates. We report a preterm neonate with PUV who presented as nonimmune fetal hydrops with intestinal obstruction in the antenatal period. The mother of our patient is a 33-year-old woman who started her prenatal care at our hospital at 30 weeks' gestation.

The effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

In addition to its hematopoietic effects, erythropoietin causes an increased release of endothelin-1 and the stimulation of angiogenesis and thereby it may have possible role in development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Our objective was to determine if an association exists between recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment and the development of ROP. Our case-control study involved 85 very low birthweight infants with birthweights <1500 g born during 2003 and 2004.

Sequential postnatal changes in erythrocyte glutathione and sulfhydryl content: a possible adaptational response to the extrauterine environment.

Glutathione is a key factor in intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. We postulated that it might modulate the adaptational response of the fetus to a higher oxygen environment after birth. Therefore, we determined total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and non-protein sulfhydryl (-SH) content in cord blood RBC hemolysates, and sequential values in blood from the same infants for up to 72 h after birth.

[Evaluation of the viability and validity of an instrument to measure community activation].

Objective: This study examines psychometric properties of a community activation assessment scale used for the evaluation of the Quebec project within the Federal Provincial Heart Health Initiative. The scale is composed of three sub scales, one for each of the intervention target risk factors.

Methods: Data were collected by telephone interviews conducted with 199 key informants from the 24 communities of the project.

Serum ionized magnesium in premature and term infants.

Magnesium is the element with the second highest concentration in the body and is found almost entirely in the intracellular compartment. The small serum component gives a poor representation of the active, physiologic state of the metal. This state is assessed much better by measuring ionized magnesium in the serum, which can now be performed with a sensitive ion-selective electrode.