Growth Mindset Is Associated With Mastery Goals in Adulthood.

Growth mindsets, the belief that intelligence can grow with effort and training, have been associated with the adoption of mastery goals in children and adolescents. However, it is unknown whether these two factors are also correlated in adults. We conducted two online studies among three hundred participants to challenge this association.

[Understanding functional neurological disorders: From biological markers to pathophysiological models].

Objectives: Functional neurological disorders have witnessed intense research activity in the fields of structural and functional neuroimaging for more than twenty years. Thus, we propose a synthesis of recent research findings and etiological hypotheses that have been proposed so far. This work should help clinicians to better understand the nature of the mechanisms involved, but also help patients to increase their knowledge about the biological features underlying their functional symptoms.

Psychiatric disorders, personality and neuropsychological alterations in Erdheim-Chester disease.

Although neurological manifestations and changes in brain volumes have been described in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), it remains unknown whether ECD may be associated with psychiatric symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions. We assessed the presence of psychiatric disorders, changes in temperaments and characters, and neuropsychological performances in 32 ECD patients (mean age = 59) younger than 70, not treated with interferon alpha during the last 6 months, and without other serious illnesses. ECD patients exhibited high level of past depressive disorder (80%) and anxiety disorder, especially agoraphobia (29%).

Glutamatergic and N-Acetylaspartate Metabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.

The exact neurobiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD) remain unknown. However, some neurometabolites could be implicated, including Glutamate (Glu), Glutamine (Gln), Glx, and N-acetylaspartate (NAA). Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) allows one to quantify these metabolites in the human brain.

Identified Motivation as a Key Factor for School Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Related School Closure.

On March 16, 2020, French schools suddenly closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and middle school students were asked to study from home with no direct interactions with teachers or classmates. However, school plays an important role in the development of social, intellectual, and mental competencies and can counteract the negative effects of adverse life events on learning and early school dropout. In this study, we investigated how the unusual context of school closure during the COVID-19 pandemic affected school engagement.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure-status in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Background: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure-status (PNES-status), defined by psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) over 30 min, are often misdiagnosed as status epilepticus. We aimed to describe the features of patients who experienced PNES-status, admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We screened the patients hospitalized in our epilepsy unit during a 4-year period, with a diagnosis of PNES-status and ICU admission.

Mind-Wandering Changes in Dysphoria.

Changes in mind-wandering (MW) and involuntary autobiographical memory (IAM) in dysphoria have been explored with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate both MW and IAM in a group of 23 stable dysphoric participants compared to 37 controls and to compare their thoughts characteristics (i.e.

A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study.

Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Correction: Performance in delayed non-matching to sample task predicts the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Performance in delayed non-matching to sample task predicts the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Electrical stimulation studies have recently evidenced the involvement of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, lateral OFC is activated in healthy subjects during delayed non-matching-to-sample task (DNMS). In the present study, we hypothesized that OCD results from a specific defect of lateral OFC processing that can be evidenced via a DNMS task.

Impaired decision making following escalation of cocaine self-administration predicts vulnerability to relapse in rats.

Impairments in cost-benefit decision making represent a cardinal feature of drug addiction. However, whether these alterations predate drug exposure, thereby contributing to facilitating loss of control over drug intake, or alternatively arise as a result of drug use and subsequently confer vulnerability to relapse has yet to be determined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer (SA) cocaine during 19 daily long-access (12-h) sessions; conditions reliably shown to promote escalation.

Medial prefrontal disengagement during self-focus in formerly depressed patients prone to rumination.

Background: Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activity during self-referential processing has been associated with rumination and found aberrant in depression. We investigated whether this aberrant activity reflects a trait marker that persists in remitted patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients fully remitted from major depression for at least 6 months, and 29 matched healthy controls were scanned with fMRI while presented with personality trait words in two conditions: Self condition asked whether the trait described themselves; General condition asked whether the trait was generally desirable.

The impact of self-distancing on emotion explosiveness and accumulation: An fMRI study.

Emotions unfold over time with episodes differing in explosiveness (i.e., profiles having a steep vs.

Meta-analysis of central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid levels in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.

Background: Many studies have measured central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in patients with depression. We performed a meta-analysis to provide an objective overview of GABA changes in those with unipolar or bipolar depression.

Methods: After a systematic database search, original data were extracted with the help of seminal authors to calculate standardized mean differences.

Personality and Neuropsychological Profiles in Friedreich Ataxia.

Friedreich ataxia, an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease, is the most frequent inherited ataxia. Many studies have attempted to identify cognitive and affective changes associated with the disease, but conflicting results have been obtained, depending on the tests used and because many of the samples studied were very small. We investigated personality and neuropsychological characteristics in a cohort of 47 patients with genetically confirmed disease.

The neural basis of emotions varies over time: different regions go with onset- and offset-bound processes underlying emotion intensity.

According to theories of emotion dynamics, emotions unfold across two phases in which different types of processes come to the fore: emotion onset and emotion offset. Differences in onset-bound processes are reflected by the degree of explosiveness or steepness of the response at onset, and differences in offset-bound processes by the degree of accumulation or intensification of the subsequent response. Whether onset- and offset-bound processes have distinctive neural correlates and, hence, whether the neural basis of emotions varies over time, still remains unknown.

Bidirectional regulation over the development and expression of loss of control over cocaine intake by the anterior insula.

Rationale: Increasing evidence suggests that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) plays a major role in cocaine addiction, being implicated in both impaired insight and associated decision-making and also craving and relapse. However, the nature of the involvement of the insula in the development and maintenance of cocaine addiction remains unknown, thereby limiting our understanding of its causal role in addiction. We therefore investigated whether pre- and post-training bilateral lesions of the AIC differentially influenced the development and the expression of the escalation of cocaine self-administration during extended access to the drug.

Meta-analysis of short- and mid-term efficacy of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression.

Among treatments currently assessed in major depression, ketamine, has been proposed of great interest, especially because of its very rapid action. However, the time-course of the antidepressive action of ketamine remained unclear. In the present meta-analysis, we provided a clear and objective view regarding the putative antidepressive effect of ketamine and its time-course.