Activation of interleukin 33-NFκB axis in granulosa cells during atresia and its role in disposal of atretic follicles†.

It has been previously shown that the cytokine interleukin 33 is required for two processes, i.e., autophagic digestion of granulosa cells and recruitment of macrophages into atretic follicles, for full disposal of atretic follicles.

An evaluation of quantitative percussion diagnostics for determining the probability of a microgap defect in restored and unrestored teeth: A prospective clinical study.

Statement Of Problem: Current dental diagnostics are image based and cannot detect a structural microgap defect such as a crack in a tooth. Whether percussion diagnostics can effectively diagnose a microgap defect is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine from a large multicenter prospective clinical study whether quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) could detect structural damage in teeth and whether a probability of its presence could be provided.

Prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals: A scoping review.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are highly prevalent among dental professionals. Studies examining the prevention of dental work-related MSDs have been completed globally.

Objective: To identify and evaluate the available evidence regarding MSD prevention in dental practice, and to identify knowledge gaps.

Characterization, isolation, and in vitro culture of leptomeningeal fibroblasts.

Meninges, or the membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord, play host to dozens of morbid pathologies. In this study we provide a method to isolate the leptomeningeal cell layer, identify leptomeninges in histologic slides, and maintain leptomeningeal fibroblasts in in vitro culture. Using an array of transcriptomic, histological, and cytometric analyses, we identified ICAM1 and SLC38A2 as two novel markers of leptomeningeal cells in vivo and in vitro.

Requirement of brain interleukin33 for aquaporin4 expression in astrocytes and glymphatic drainage of abnormal tau.

Defective aquaporin4 (AQP4)-mediated glymphatic drainage has been linked to tauopathy and amyloid plaque in Alzheimer's disease. We now show that brain interleukin33 (IL33) is required for regulation of AQP4 expression in astrocytes, especially those at neuron-facing membrane domain (n-AQP4). First, IL33-deficient (Il33) mice showed a loss of n-AQP4 after middle age, which coincided with a rapid accumulation of abnormal tau in neurons and a reduction in drainage of abnormal tau to peripheral tissues.

A PIK3CA transgenic mouse model with chemical carcinogen exposure mimics human oral tongue tumorigenesis.

Oral cancer causes significant global mortality and has a five-year survival rate of around 64%. Poor prognosis results from late-stage diagnosis, highlighting an important need to develop better approaches to detect oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and identify which OPLs are at highest risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An appropriate animal model that reflects the genetic, histologic, immunologic, molecular and gross visual features of human OSCC would aid in the development and evaluation of early detection and risk assessment strategies.

Ten-year retrospective study of the effectiveness of quantitative percussion diagnostics as an indicator of the level of structural pathology in teeth.

Statement Of Problem: Conventional dental diagnostic aids are only partially effective in diagnosing structural defects such as cracks in teeth. A more predictable diagnostic for structural instability in the mouth is needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study with an increased population size was to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosing structural instability by using the quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) system and to evaluate the influence of independent variables on the relationship between normal fit error (NFE) and observed structural instability found during the clinical disassembly of teeth.

Inter-molecular epitope spreading does not lead to extension of autoimmunity beyond target tissue in autoimmune glomerulonephritis.

Inter-molecular epitope spreading during autoimmune pathogenesis leads to generation of new pathogenic epitopes on other autoantigens beyond the original one. It raises an important question as whether autoimmunity extends beyond the target tissues if new epitopes are on the molecules shared with other tissues. This study is aimed addressing this question in a rat anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis model induced by a T cell epitope of glomerulus-specific collagen4α3.

Glymphatic Efficiency Is a Critical Factor for Using Abnormal Tau in Peripheral Tissues as Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease or other dementias are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal tau and amyloid β peptides in brains. Therefore, abnormal tau and amyloid peptides in peripheral tissues or blood have been explored as diagnostic biomarkers. On the other hand, recent studies have revealed glymphatics a special drainage system for brain's wastes.

Quantitative percussion diagnostics as an indicator of the level of the structural pathology of teeth: Retrospective follow-up investigation of high-risk sites that remained pathological after restorative treatment.

Statement Of Problem: Structural damage may remain even after a tooth is restored. Conventional diagnostic aids do not quantify the severity of structural damage or allow the monitoring of structural changes after restoration.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to provide an in-depth analysis of 9 high-risk sites after restoration.

A Phase I/II Study of Nab-Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Cetuximab With Concurrent Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck.

Nab-paclitaxel might impact efficacy of radiation for head and neck (H&N) cancer. Nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, cetuximab, and radiation were evaluated in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer in this phase I/II trial. Median follow-up was 24 months for 34 patients.

Conjugate-SELEX: A High-throughput Screening of Thioaptamer-liposomal Nanoparticle Conjugates for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Anticancer Drugs.

Patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving chemotherapy have a poor prognosis partly due to normal tissue toxicity; therefore, development of a tumor-targeted drug delivery platform to minimize collateral toxicity is a goal of cancer nanomedicine. Aptamers can achieve this purpose. While conventional Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) screens aptamer-only libraries and conjugates them to delivery vehicles after selection, we hypothesized that specific delivery requires screening libraries with aptamer-nanoparticle conjugates.

CD8αα+MHC Class II+ Cell with the Capacity To Terminate Autoimmune Inflammation Is a Novel Antigen-Presenting NK-like Cell in Rats.

Discovery of immune tolerance mechanisms, which inhibit pre-existing autoimmune inflammation, may provide us with new strategies for treating autoimmune diseases. We have identified a CD8ααMHC class II cell with professional APC capacity during our investigation on spontaneous recovery from autoimmune glomerulonephritis in a rat model. This cell actively invades inflamed target tissue and further terminates an ongoing autoimmune inflammation by selective killing of effector autoreactive T cells.

In vivo study of the effectiveness of quantitative percussion diagnostics as an indicator of the level of structural pathology of teeth after restoration.

Statement Of Problem: Conventional diagnostic aids based upon imagery and patient symptoms do not indicate whether restorative treatments have eliminated structural pathology.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD), a mechanics-based methodology that tests the structural integrity of teeth noninvasively. The study hypothesis was that QPD would provide knowledge of the structural instability of teeth after restorative work.

In vivo study of the effectiveness of quantitative percussion diagnostics as an indicator of the level of the structural pathology of teeth.

Statement Of Problem: Conventional dental diagnostic aids based upon imagery and patient symptoms are at best only partially effective for the detection of fine structural defects such as cracks in teeth.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine whether quantitative percussion diagnostics (QPD) provided knowledge of the structural instability of teeth before restorative work begins. QPD is a mechanics-based methodology that tests the structural integrity of teeth noninvasively.

Differentiating Glomerular Inflammation from Fibrosis in a Bone Marrow Chimera for Rat Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis.

Background: Many types of glomerulonephritis (GN) undergo tandem connected phases: inflammation and fibrosis. Fibrosis in human GNs leads to irreversible end-stage disease. This study investigated how these 2 phases were controlled.

IL-33 is required for disposal of unnecessary cells during ovarian atresia through regulation of autophagy and macrophage migration.

Physiological processes such as ovarian follicle atresia generate large amounts of unnecessary cells or tissue detritus, which needs to be disposed of rapidly. IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine gene family. Constitutive expression of IL-33 in a wide range of tissues has hinted at its role beyond immune defense.

Cancer stem cells are enriched in Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Fanconi anemia (FA) patients have an increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at a higher rate with no apparent risk factors. HNSCC of FA patients is an aggressive tumor characterized by multifocal origin, early metastases and frequent recurrences. Given that cancer stem cells (CSC) drive tumorigenesis, tumor recurrence and metastasis, in this study, we characterized the CSC population in FA and sporadic HNSCC.

Nonliteral understanding of number words.

One of the most puzzling and important facts about communication is that people do not always mean what they say; speakers often use imprecise, exaggerated, or otherwise literally false descriptions to communicate experiences and attitudes. Here, we focus on the nonliteral interpretation of number words, in particular hyperbole (interpreting unlikely numbers as exaggerated and conveying affect) and pragmatic halo (interpreting round numbers imprecisely). We provide a computational model of number interpretation as social inference regarding the communicative goal, meaning, and affective subtext of an utterance.

Unique temporal and spatial expression patterns of IL-33 in ovaries during ovulation and estrous cycle are associated with ovarian tissue homeostasis.

Ovaries are among the most active organs. Frequently occurring events such as ovulation and ovarian atresia are accompanied with tissue destruction and repairing. Critical roles of immune cells or molecules in those events have been well recognized.

An in vitro comparison of quantitative percussion diagnostics with a standard technique for determining the presence of cracks in natural teeth.

Statement Of Problem: The detection of cracks and fractures in natural teeth is a diagnostic challenge. Cracks are often not visible clinically nor detectable in radiographs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic parity of quantitative percussion diagnostics, transillumination, clinical microscopy, and dye penetration.

Peripheral blood CD8αα+CD11c+MHC-II+CD3- cells attenuate autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats.

In an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) model, GN-resistant Lewis rats naturally recover from early glomerular inflammation. Here we investigated recovery mechanisms for development of a potential immunotherapy for autoimmune GN. Our previous studies suggested that glomeruli-infiltrating leukocytes with a phenotype of CD8αα+CD11c+MHC-II+CD3- (GIL CD8αα+ cells) were responsible for recovery through induction of T-cell apoptosis.

Ovarian phagocyte subsets and their distinct tissue distribution patterns.

Ovarian macrophages, which play critical roles in various ovarian events, are probably derived from multiple lineages. Thus, a systemic classification of their subsets is a necessary first step for determination of their functions. Utilizing antibodies to five phagocyte markers, i.

Acquiring Metastatic Competence by Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Differential Expression of α-Tubulin Isoforms.

We performed comparative global proteomics analyses of patient-matched primary (686Tu) and metastatic (686Ln) OSCC cells. The metastatic OSCC 686Ln cells showed greater in vitro migratory/invasive potential and distinct cell shape from their parental primary 686Tu cells. Ettan DIGE analysis revealed 1316 proteins spots in both cell lines with >85% to be quantitatively similar (<2 folds) between the two cell lines.