Corrigendum/Erratum to "Teens, screens and quarantine; The relationship between adolescent media use and mental health prior to and during COVID-19" [Heliyon 8(7), July 2022 e09898].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

What is the Optimal Way to Give Thanks? Comparing the Effects of Gratitude Expressed Privately, One-to-One via Text, or Publicly on Social Media.

Unlabelled: Numerous investigations to date have established the benefits of expressing gratitude for improved psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. Nevertheless, the social dynamics of gratitude remain understudied. Do the effects of gratitude differ when it is expressed privately, communicated directly to the benefactor one-to-one, or shared publicly? We tested this question in a preregistered intervention study.

Linear correlation is insufficient as the sole measure of associations: The case of technology use and mental health.

It is common for psychology studies to rely solely on linear correlation (r) or similar statistics and not include other measures of association (such as relative risk, which examines differences in the number of people affected). For example, the association between smoking and lung cancer (r = 0.06) could be dismissed as "small" if only linear r is examined, even though 30 times more smokers than non-smokers get lung cancer.

Teens, screens and quarantine; the relationship between adolescent media use and mental health prior to and during COVID-19.

This study examines associations between media use and mental health for adolescents prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using two separate datasets that sampled adolescents (8th, 10th, and 12th graders) in 2018 (n = 31,825) and 2020 (n = 1,523), mental health (hopelessness and happiness), media use (time spent using a variety of media), and personal health habits (sleep) were assessed. Overall, we found that there were significant differences by year in adolescent hopelessness, with adolescents reporting less hopelessness in 2020 (during COVID-19) than in 2018 (pre COVID-19).

Divergent decennial trends in mental health according to age reveal poorer mental health for young people: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys from the HUNT Study, Norway.

Objectives: Public health trends are formed by political, economic, historical and cultural factors in society. The aim of this paper was to describe overall changes in mental health among adolescents and adults in a Norwegian population over the three last decades and discuss some potential explanations for these changes.

Design: Repeated population-based health surveys to monitor decennial changes.

Specification curve analysis shows that social media use is linked to poor mental health, especially among girls.

An important 2019 paper applied a novel analytic technique called Specification Curve Analysis (SCA) to data from three large-scale community samples to investigate the association between adolescent technology use and mental health/well-being. The paper concluded that an association exists but is tiny, with median betas between -0.01 and -0.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms in U.S. Census Bureau assessments of adults: Trends from 2019 to fall 2020 across demographic groups.

Background: Events from spring to fall 2020, including the COVID-19 pandemic, hate crimes, and social unrest, may have impacted mental health, particularly mood and anxiety disorders. This study compares rates of positive screens for anxiety and depressive disorders in separate U.S.

Associations Between Adolescent Depression and Self-Harm Behaviors and Screen Media Use in a Nationally Representative Time-Diary Study.

Screen media use is associated with mental health problems among adolescents. However, few studies have examined screen media use using contemporaneous time diaries (rather than retrospective reports), compared associations across specific screen media activities or by gender, or examined associations with self-harm behaviors. Participants were 13- to 15-year-old adolescents completing time diaries (n = 4,252) for one weekday and one weekend day in the 2015 administration of the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort study of UK adolescents.

Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness.

Introduction: Several studies have documented increases in adolescent loneliness and depression in the U.S., UK, and Canada after 2012, but it is unknown whether these trends appear worldwide or whether they are linked to factors such as economic conditions, technology use, or changes in family size.

Sleep characteristics of U.S. adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rationale: Understanding how health has changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to recovering from the pandemic.

Objective: This study focused on how sleep characteristics in the United States may be different from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: To this end, the sleep characteristics of a nationally representative sample of U.

Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study aims to document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health.

Method: We compared a nationally representative online sample of 2,032 U.S.

Screen media use and sleep disturbance symptom severity in children.

Objectives: Few studies have sought to evaluate how screen media use relates to symptoms of sleep-wake disturbances. To extend these prior studies in a large sample of children, this study examined associations of different types of screen media with symptom severity of different classes of sleep-wake disturbances. This study was preregistered here.

Not all screen time is created equal: associations with mental health vary by activity and gender.

Purpose: Previous research on associations between screen media use and mental health produced mixed findings, possibly because studies have not examined screen activities separately or accounted for gender differences. We sought to examine associations between different types of screen activities (social media, internet, gaming, and TV) and mental health indicators separately for boys and girls.

Methods: We drew from a nationally representative sample of 13-15-year-old adolescents in the UK (n = 11,427) asking about hours per day spent on specific screen media activities and four mental health indicators: self-harm behavior, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, and self-esteem.

U.S. Census Bureau-assessed prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in 2019 and during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The disruptions to daily life caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have impacted mental health, particularly mood disorders. This study aimed to compare prevalence rates of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder in national samples in the U.S.

The expanding class divide in happiness in the United States, 1972-2016.

Is there a growing class divide in happiness? Among U.S. adults ages 30 and over in the nationally representative General Social Survey ( = 44,198), the positive correlation between socioeconomic status (SES; including income, education, and occupational prestige) and happiness grew steadily stronger between the 1970s and 2010s.

Gender differences in associations between digital media use and psychological well-being: Evidence from three large datasets.

Introduction: Adolescents spend an increasing amount of time using digital media, but gender differences in their use and in associations with psychological well-being are unclear.

Method: We drew from three large, representative surveys of 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in the U.S.

Increased Support for Same-sex Marriage in the US: Disentangling Age, Period, and Cohort Effects.

Previous research established a substantial increase in support for same-sex marriage in the US, but it is unclear if this increase is due to cohort (a change that affects only the younger generation) or time period (a change that affects those of all ages). In a nationally representative sample of American adults ( = 13,483) in 1988 and 2004-2018, increased support for same-sex marriage was primarily due to time period (from 11.1% in 1988 to 66.

Associations between screen time and short sleep duration among adolescents varies by media type: evidence from a cohort study.

Study Objectives: Different types of electronic screen media have repeatedly been linked to impaired sleep; yet, how different uses of electronic media are linked to sleep has received much less attention. Currently, the role of chronotype in these associations is understudied. To address these gaps, this study examined how different uses of screen media are linked to sleep, and whether these associations were accounted for or differed across chronotype.