The Southern Ocean ecosystem under multiple climate change stresses--an integrated circumpolar assessment.

A quantitative assessment of observed and projected environmental changes in the Southern Ocean (SO) with a potential impact on the marine ecosystem shows: (i) large proportions of the SO are and will be affected by one or more climate change processes; areas projected to be affected in the future are larger than areas that are already under environmental stress, (ii) areas affected by changes in sea-ice in the past and likely in the future are much larger than areas affected by ocean warming. The smallest areas (<1% area of the SO) are affected by glacier retreat and warming in the deeper euphotic layer. In the future, decrease in the sea-ice is expected to be widespread.

Simultaneous monitoring of noninvasive hemodynamic profile and capnography for tissue perfusion evaluation.

To study the simultaneous variations of end-tidal CO pressure (PetCO) and aortic blood flow (ABF) during modifications of tissue perfusion, continuous noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring and continuous recording of PetCO were performed on 30 patients under general anesthesia and artificial mechanical ventilation. The 30 patients underwent orthopedic surgery on one of the lower limbs using a hemostatic tourniquet. Deflation of the pneumatic tourniquet resulted in a rise of ABF up to 39% (P<0.