Tumor-Agnostic Genomic and Clinical Analysis of BRAF Fusions Identifies Actionable Targets.

Purpose: Even though BRAF fusions are increasingly detected in standard multigene next-generation sequencing panels, few reports have explored their structure and impact on clinical course.

Experimental Design: We collected data from patients with BRAF fusion-positive cancers identified through a genotyping protocol of 97,024 samples. Fusions were characterized and reviewed for oncogenic potential (in-frame status, non-BRAF partner gene, and intact BRAF kinase domain).

Synoptic Reporting for Pretreatment CT Examination in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Impact on Documentation of Disease Sites and Physician Satisfaction.

Imaging reports that consistently document all disease sites with a potential to increase surgical complexity or morbidity can facilitate ovarian cancer treatment planning. The aims of this study were to compare simple structured reports and synoptic reports from pretreatment CT examinations in patients with advanced ovarian cancer in terms of completeness of documenting involvement of clinically relevant anatomic sites as well as to evaluate physician satisfaction with synoptic reports. This retrospective study included 205 patients (median age, 65 years) who underwent contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic CT before primary treatment of advanced ovarian cancer from June 1, 2018, to January 31, 2022.

Zenocutuzumab, a HER2xHER3 Bispecific Antibody, Is Effective Therapy for Tumors Driven by NRG1 Gene Rearrangements.

Unlabelled: NRG1 rearrangements are recurrent oncogenic drivers in solid tumors. NRG1 binds to HER3, leading to heterodimerization with other HER/ERBB kinases, increased downstream signaling, and tumorigenesis. Targeting ERBBs, therefore, represents a therapeutic strategy for these cancers.

Waxing and waning pattern of mTOR inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in renal cell carcinoma patients: A retrospective observational study.

Objective: mTOR inhibitor-associated pneumonitis is common and often asymptomatic. We describe a waxing and waning pattern of pneumonitis observed on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with renal cell carcinoma who were being treated with mTOR inhibitor molecular targeted therapy.

Materials And Methods: In this HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective single-institution study, 25 renal cell carcinoma patients were identified who received single-therapy temsirolimus or everolimus between January 2011 and June 2015 and who had chest CT scans available for review both before and after initiation of mTOR inhibitor treatment.

Intratumoral Injection of -NT Spores in Patients with Treatment-refractory Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Intratumorally injected -NT (nontoxic; lacking the alpha toxin), an attenuated strain of , replicates within hypoxic tumor regions resulting in tumor-confined cell lysis and inflammatory response in animals, which warrants clinical investigation.

Patients And Methods: This first-in-human study (NCT01924689) enrolled patients with injectable, treatment-refractory solid tumors to receive a single intratumoral injection of -NT across 6 dose cohorts (1 × 10 to 3 × 10 spores, 3+3 dose-escalation design) to determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and the maximum tolerated dose.

Results: Among 24 patients, a single intratumoral injection of -NT led to bacterial spores germination and the resultant lysis of injected tumor masses in 10 patients (42%) across all doses.

A multimodality triage algorithm to improve cytoreductive outcomes in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer: A Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center team ovary initiative.

Objective: To describe outcomes using a multimodal algorithm to triage patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to primary debulking surgery (PDS) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Methods: All patients with EOC treated at our institution from 04/2015-08/2018 were identified. We included patients without contraindication to PDS who underwent prospective calculation of a Resectability (R)-score.

Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of durvalumab in combination with folate receptor alpha vaccine TPIV200 in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II trial.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to date have demonstrated limited activity in advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is overexpressed in the majority of OCs and presents an attractive target for a combination immunotherapy to potentially overcome resistance to ICI in OCs. The current study sought to examine clinical and immunologic responses to TPIV200, a multiepitope FRα vaccine administered with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab in patients with advanced platinum-resistant OC.

Phase 2 study of LY3023414 in patients with advanced endometrial cancer harboring activating mutations in the PI3K pathway.

Background: PI3K pathway activation is common in endometrial cancer. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, LY3023414, in patients with advanced endometrial cancer harboring activating mutations in the PI3K pathway.

Methods: We conducted a single-arm phase 2 study of monotherapy LY3023414.

Vemurafenib for BRAF V600-Mutant Erdheim-Chester Disease and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Analysis of Data From the Histology-Independent, Phase 2, Open-label VE-BASKET Study.

Importance: The histiocytic neoplasms Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are highly enriched for BRAF V600 mutations and have been previously shown to be responsive to treatment with vemurafenib, an inhibitor of the BRAF V600 kinase. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of prolonged vemurafenib use in these patients are not defined. Here we analyze the final efficacy and safety data for vemurafenib in patients with ECD and LCH enrolled in the VE-BASKET study.

CT findings of chemotherapy-induced toxicity: what radiologists need to know about the clinical and radiologic manifestations of chemotherapy toxicity.

Cancer chemotherapy has evolved from cytotoxic agents and now includes several new agents that target specific molecules responsible for the regulation of cell growth, nutrient supply, and differentiation. These molecularly targeted therapies have a different mechanism of action than do classic cytotoxic agents, which predominantly attack rapidly proliferating cells. Not surprisingly, therefore, the toxicity of targeted and cytotoxic agents may differ in both clinical and radiologic presentation.