Automatic anthropometric personalization of a digital human model from a set of subject's photographs.

The objective of the work is to develop a method for automatic dimensioning of a digital human model (DHM) from a set of calibrated photographs of the subject under study. Fifteen subjects (10 males, 5 females, mean age 27) wearing surface retro-reflective markers at major bony landmarks and standing inside a calibrated space, were photographed by means of low cost main stream digital cameras (face, left and right views). The DHM software used is based on a skeletal structure surrounded by contours defined by cross sections along the skeletal links.

Clavicle fracture prediction: simulation of shoulder lateral impacts with geometrically personalized finite elements models.

Background: Human body numerical models can help to develop protection devices against effects of road crashes. In the context of a side impact, a shoulder model able to predict shoulder injuries and more especially clavicle fracture would be helpful.

Methods: A shoulder model derived from an existing finite element model of the human body representing an average male (50th percentile), HUMOS1, has been upgraded.

3D deformation and dynamics of the human cadaver abdomen under seatbelt loading.

According to accident analysis, submarining is responsible for most of the frontal car crash AIS 3+ abdominal injuries sustained by restrained occupants. Submarining is characterized by an initial position of the lap belt on the iliac spine. During the crash, the pelvis slips under the lap belt which loads the abdomen.

Proportion of skin surface area of children and young adults from 2 to 18 years old.

When studying the density of skin lesions, calculations of relative density are based on charts of proportion of skin surface area. However, the current source of information is derived from skewed data obtained at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using more recent data from a population-based sample of children in the United States, we propose a new set of tables.

Influence of geometrical personalization on the simulation of clavicle fractures.

Finite element body models enable the evaluation of car occupant protection. In general, these models represent average males and inter-individual geometry variability is not taken into account. As the most frequent shoulder injury during car lateral accidents is a clavicle fracture, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether clavicle geometry has an influence on bone response until failure, and whether geometrical personalization of clavicle models is required.

Comparison of Hybrid III, Thor-alpha and PMHS Response in Frontal Sled Tests.

Two series of nine frontal sled tests were conducted to evaluate the behavior of the Hybrid III and Thor-alpha dummies. The first series was conducted at 50 kph with airbag and 4 kN force-limited shoulder belt and the second series at 30 kph and only a 4 kN force-limited shoulder belt. In each series, three replicate tests were conducted with each dummy and compared with three PMHS.

Finite element modeling of the head skeleton with a new local quantitative assessment approach.

The present study was undertaken to build a finite element model of the head skeleton and to perform a new assessment approach in order to validate it. The application fields for such an improved model are injury risk prediction as well as surgical planning. The geometrical reconstruction was performed using computed tomography scans and a total of 4680 shell elements were meshed on the median surface of the head skeleton with the particular characteristic of adapted mesh density and real element thickness.